台风强暴雨的中尺度分析

利用严重影响浙江东南地区的2005年05号台风的雷达和地面加密风场资料，分析对比台风中尺度暴雨过程中雷达回波与实况降水、中尺度地面流场与暴雨之间的关系，结果得到：多普勒雷达近地面强回波带或中心往往达到50dbz时，与一小时的强降水区有很好的对应关系，暴雨中心区也与地面加密的中尺度流场中出现的中尺度气旋性环流和汇合气流有关，强暴雨区落在同时刻中尺度涡旋或汇合线附近．当台风移近大陆时，靠近沿海地区的地面流场中尺度涡旋特征并不明显，主要表现在台风近地面偏东南气流出现分支，形成偏东与偏东南气流，有利于在沿海地区形成局部气流汇合并引起或增强对流．利用中尺度数值模式（WRF）的高分辨输出结果，分析了近地面流场特征及演变，证实了暴雨带近地面流场中存在气流汇合，它在沿海地区台风暴雨过程中起到十分重要的作用．     

阴阳离子菁染料J-聚集体的荧光光谱研究

采用荧光光谱技术,研究了两种阴阳离子菁染料及对应的阴离子和阳离子菁染料在溴碘化银立方体颗粒上形成的J-聚集体的荧光光谱特性,并与其在溴碘化银立方体上的光谱增感率进行了实验对比。结果表明：阴阳离子菁染料的荧光光谱峰值明显低于阴离子、阳离子菁染料,说明其吸收光子后,大部分电子转移到溴碘化银表面。因此具有较高的光谱增感效率。     

Synthesis of N-Aryl-2- （1＇, 6＇-dihydro-6＇-pyridazinone-3＇-carbonyl） Thiosemicarbazides and Their Related Heterocyclic Compounds

1,6-Dihydro-3-hydrozinocarbonyl-6-pyridazinone (compound 2) were prepared from α-ketoglutaric acid and hydrazine hydrate. A series of N-aryl-2-(1‘,6‘-dihydro-6‘-pyridazinone-3‘-carbonyl) thiosemicarbazides 3a-3f were synthesized from the reaction of aryl isothiocyanates with compound 2. The terminal compounds 1,3, 4-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2, 4-triazol-5-thione derivatives were cyclized from compounds 3a-3f. Their structures were confirmed by IR,^1H NMR, MS and elemental analyses.     

窄带快照式多光谱成像色彩还原方法

由于兼具光谱分辨和空间分辨能力, 快照式窄带多光谱成像在资源遥感、精准农业、医疗检测等领域将有广泛应用。由于该方法使用窄带成像来提高光谱分辨率及图像对比度,所获得的图像是灰度信息,失去了场景的色彩信息,不便专家对图像鉴别、评价与赏析。已有的色彩还原算法主要针对光谱波段带宽较宽或者多个波段叠加基本覆盖整个可见光谱范围等两种光谱成像仪,不适合窄带多光谱成像方法的色彩还原。该研究适合于快照式窄带多光谱成像的色彩还原方法,提出建立窄带多光谱彩色相机的概念。首先,提出两种窄带多光谱色彩还原方法：(1)基于CIE色度系统三刺激值色的,(2)基于贝尔阵列插值算法的;其次,分别应用两种算法还原快照式窄带多光谱相机所获得的植物、手臂及宫颈组织等三种代表性场景窄带多光谱灰度图像;之后,计算并比较表征两种算法所得的代表性场景彩色图像的均值、方差、熵及梯度等表征图像质量的参数数值,确定出适合快照式窄带多光谱成像的色彩还原方法;最后,对所确定的色彩还原算法进行色偏校正。实验结果表明,基于CIE三刺激值色彩还原方法比贝尔阵列插值法更适用于窄带多光谱成像颜色复原。配合使用CIE三刺激值色彩还原方法及灰度图象校正算法,从窄带光谱成像所获得的植物、手臂皮肤及宫颈组织的灰度图像所还原出的近彩色图像逼近物体真实色彩,满足人眼观察习惯。介绍了仅覆盖可见光光谱范围30%的窄带多光谱图像进行色彩还原的方法,该方法证明快照式窄带多光谱成像可以兼具光谱分辨能力,同时保持可供人主观辨识的色彩信息。所提出实现快照式窄带多光谱彩色成像的方法,有望设计不同于传统RGB相机的彩色相机实施方案。     

RBF神经网络集成多个气象数值产品的方法研究

对MM5V3模式中16组组合区域气候模拟试验所得的结果,分区域以RBF神经网络进行集成,分析了网络结构参数的不同对集成结果的影响,最后对整个区域的温度场进行了集成.结果表明:选择合适的网络结构参数是至关重要的,神经网络的非线性集成结果均明显优于单个参数化方案和16个方案线性集成的预测结果,整个区域的温度场集成结果比MM5模拟更接近于实况场,均方根误差场也较原MM5方案明显减小.这些结果对于区域气候的集成预测以及进一步优化神经网络的性能有一定的参考意义.     

Synthesis of N-Aryl-2-(1′,6′-dihydro-6′-pyridazinone-3′-carbonyl) Thiosemicarbazides and Their Related Heterocyclic Compounds

Introduction Somepyridazineshavebeenexaminedforac- tivityagainstsporozoanandflagellateparasitesand forantiamebicactivity[1]. 6-Aryl-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinonesex- hibitvariousbiologicalpropertiesincludingreduc- tionofbloodpressure,inhibitionofplateletaggre- gation,antiinflammation,andstrongplateletag- gregationinhibitingactioncoupledwithahypoten- siveaction.Italsopossessesweakpositiveinotrop- icactivityforthemanagementofcongestiveheart failure.Threepara-substitueddihydropyridazi- nonesare…     

非等温热重分析三聚氰胺热分解动力学

采用非等温热重法对三聚氰胺的热分解动力学进行了研究,选定拟合结果更好的迭代法计算反应活化能,采用积分法结合36种动力学函数来判断三聚氰胺热分解的机理函数.得到了三聚氰胺热分解的动力学参数,即反应的动力学函数为g(α)=(1-α)-3-1,平均活化能Ea为142.38×103J/mol,指前因子A的平均值为1.98×10...     

混合菁染料J-聚集体的光谱性能研究

对2种混合菁染料吸附在溴化银颗粒表面形成的J-聚集体的反射光谱及感光性能与对应菁染料单独吸附在溴化银颗粒表面进行了对比研究。用紫外-可见分光光计测定了菁染料吸附在溴化银颗粒表面形成J-聚集体的反射光谱。结果表明:2种混合菁染料吸附在溴化银颗粒表面形成的J-聚集体的反射光谱分别具有2个最大峰值波长,并且与对应菁染料单独使用时的峰值波长相一致。2种混和菁染料的感光性能比对应菁染料单独使用时有较大提高。     

胍基化试剂的制备及其应用

制备了两种胍基化试剂：N-硝基-1-（3,5-二甲基吡唑）脒1,N,N-二叔丁氧羰基硫脲2,将一系列胺类化合物分别与两种胍基化试剂作用,制得新化合物1a-1j,2a-2j,并对两种胍基化试剂的性能进行了比较．所有新化合物的结构均经IR,^1H NMR和元素分析证实．     

Hydrogen Promoted Decomposition of Ammonium Dinitramide: an ab initio Molecular Dynamics Study

Thermal decomposition of a famous high oxidizer ammonium dinitramide (ADN) under high temperatures (2000 and 3000 K) was studied by using the ab initio molecular dynamics method.Two different temperature-dependent initial decomposition mechanisms were observed in the unimolecular decomposition of ADN, which were the intramolecular hydrogen transfer and N-NO₂ cleavage in N (NO₂)^-.They were competitive at 2000 K, whereas the former one was predominant at 3000 K.As for the multimolecular decomposition of ADN, four different initial decomposition reactions that were also temperature-dependent were observed.Apart from the aforementioned mechanisms, another two new reactions were the intermolecular hydrogen transfer and direct N-H cleavage in NH₄⁺.At the temperature of 2000 K, the N-NO₂ cleavage competed with the rest three hydrogen-related decomposition reactions, while the direct N-H cleavage in NH₄⁺ was predominant at 3000 K.After the initial decomposition, it was found that the temperature increase could facilitate the decomposition of ADN, and would not change the key decomposition events.ADN decomposed into small molecules by hydrogen-promoted simple, fast and direct chemical bonds cleavage without forming any large intermediates that may impede the decomposition.The main decomposition products at 2000 and 3000 K were the same, which were NH₃, NO₂, NO, N₂O, N₂, H₂O, and HNO₂.