Research on the boron contamination at the p/i interface of microcrystalline silicon solar cells deposited in a single PECVD chamber

This paper studies boron contamination at the interface between the p and i layers of μ c-Si:H solar cells deposited in a single-chamber PECVD system. The boron depth profile in the i layer was measured by Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy. It is found that the mixed-phase μ c-Si:H materials with 40% crystalline volume fraction is easy to be affected by the residual boron in the reactor. The experimental results showed that a 500-nm thick μ c-Si:H covering layer or a 30-seconds of hydrogen plasma treatment can effectively reduce the boron contamination at the p/i interface. However, from viewpoint of cost reduction, the hydrogen plasma treatment is desirable for solar cell manufacture because the substrate is not moved during the hydrogen plasma treatment.     

Electro-acupuncture promotes survival, differentiation of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as well as functional recovery in the spinal cord-transected rats

Background  

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the potential tools for treatment of the spinal cord injury; however, the survival and differentiation of MSCs in an injured spinal cord still need to be improved. In the present study, we investigated whether Governor Vessel electro-acupuncture (EA) could efficiently promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) survival and differentiation, axonal regeneration and finally, functional recovery in the transected spinal cord.     

Multiparty quantum secret sharing based on Bell measurement

A multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme based on Bell measurement is proposed and analyzed. In this scheme, all agents are not required to prepare entangled states or perform any local unitary operation. The security of the protocol is also analyzed. It is shown that any eavesdropper will introduce errors invariably and be detected if he tries to steal information about Trent’s secret. Moreover, because no classical bit needs to be transmitted except those for detection, the total efficiency of the scheme approaches to 100%.     

Multi-kernel regularized classifiers

A family of classification algorithms generated from Tikhonov regularization schemes are considered. They involve multi-kernel spaces and general convex loss functions. Our main purpose is to provide satisfactory estimates for the excess misclassification error of these multi-kernel regularized classifiers when the loss functions achieve the zero value. The error analysis consists of two parts: regularization error and sample error. Allowing multi-kernels in the algorithm improves the regularization error and approximation error, which is one advantage of the multi-kernel setting. For a general loss function, we show how to bound the regularization error by the approximation in some weighted L^q$L^q$ spaces. For the sample error, we use a projection operator. The projection in connection with the decay of the regularization error enables us to improve convergence rates in the literature even for the one-kernel schemes and special loss functions: least-square loss and hinge loss for support vector machine soft margin classifiers. Existence of the optimization problem for the regularization scheme associated with multi-kernels is verified when the kernel functions are continuous with respect to the index set. Concrete examples, including Gaussian kernels with flexible variances and probability distributions with some noise conditions, are used to illustrate the general theory.     

Navier-Stokes方程带Backtracking技巧的两重网格算法

1 引 言考虑二维不可压 Navier-Stokes方程:     

超高灵敏度太赫兹超导探测器

太赫兹(THz)波段一般定义为0.1–10 THz的频率区间, 对应波长范围3 mm–30 μm, 覆盖短毫米波至亚毫米波段(远红外). 尽管人们早已认识到太赫兹波段具有非常重要的科学意义和广泛的应用前景, 但该波段仍然是一个有待全面研究和开发的电磁频率窗口. 因此, 太赫兹波段的天文观测在天体物理及宇宙学研究中具有不可替代的作用, 对于理解宇宙状态和演化具有非常重要的意义. 具有超高灵敏度的太赫兹超导探测器, 已经成为太赫兹波段观测的主要手段. 本文主要阐述了太赫兹超导探测器的基本类型和工作原理, 以及中国科学院紫金山天文台在该领域的主要研究成果和进展.     

Green ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids based on the bio-refinery concept using sunflower oil as an alternative solvent

A green, inexpensive and easy-to-use method for carotenoids extraction from fresh carrots assisted by ultrasound was designed in this work. Sunflower oil was applied as a substitute to organic solvents in this green ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE): a process which is in line with green extraction and bio-refinery concepts. The processing procedure of this original UAE was first compared with conventional solvent extraction (CSE) using hexane as solvent. Moreover, the UAE optimal conditions for the subsequent comparison were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and ultra performance liquid chromatography – diode array detector – mass spectroscopy (UPLC–DAD–MS). The results showed that the UAE using sunflower as solvent has obtained its highest β-carotene yield (334.75 mg/l) in 20 min only, while CSE using hexane as solvent obtained a similar yield (321.35 mg/l) in 60 min. The green UAE performed under optimal extraction conditions (carrot to oil ratio of 2:10, ultrasonic intensity of 22.5 W cm^?2, temperature of 40 °C and sonication time of 20 min) gave the best yield of β-carotene.     

Controllable synthesis of high aspect ratio Mg_2B_2O_5 nanowires and their applications in reinforced polyhydroxyalkanoate composites

Highly pure magnesium borate （Mg2B2O5） nanowires with an average diameter of - 30 nm, an average length of 15 μm, and a high aspect ratio of - 500 have been synthesized on a large scale via a two-step method. MgBO2（OH） nanowires with high aspect ratios were first prepared via a PVP-assisted hydrothermal technique. Using these nanowires as precursors, single crystalline Mg2B205 nanowires were synthesized by post-annealing treatment at a relatively low temperature of 700 ℃. The important effect of the MgBO2（OH）-Mg2B2O5 conversion process on the morphology of the Mg2B2O5 nanowires was investigated and it was indicated that the recrystallization process plays an important role in the protection of the one-dimensional （1D） nanostructure. Moreover, the rigidity and the toughness of the Mg2B2O5 nanowire- reinforced PHA composites were tremendously improved compared to those of the pure PHA. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of Mg2B2O5 nanowires for reinforcement applications in polymer composites.     

Electronic structures and energy band properties of Be- and S-doped wurtzite ZnO

The energy band properties, density of states, and band alignment of the BexZn1-xO1-ySy alloy （Be- and S-doped wurtzite ZnO） are investigated by the first-principles method. BexZn1-xO1-ySy alloy is a direct band gap semiconductor, the valence band maximum （VBM） and the conduction band minimum （CBM） of BexZn1-xO1-ySy are dominated by S 3p and Zn 4s states, respectively. The band gap and lattice constant of BexZn1-xO1-ySy alloy can be modulated by changing the doped content values x and y. With the increase in Be content value x in the BexZnl-xOl-ySy alloy, the band gap increases and the lattice constant reduces, but the situation is just the opposite when increasing the S content value y in the BexZn1-xO1-ySy alloy. Because the lattice constant of Be0.375Zn0.625O0.75S0.25 alloy is well matched with that of ZnO and its energy gap is large compared with that of ZnO, so the Be0.375Zn0.625O0.75S0.25 alloy is suitable for serving as the blocking material for a high-quality ZnO-based device.     

Quasinormal Modes of Spherically Symmetric Curve Spacetime with Dark Matter Term

We study quasinormal modes of scalar field perturbation and electromagnetic field perturbation in a black hole space-time with dark matter by using WKB approximation method. The result shows clearly that the real part of black hole quasinormal modes is mainly determined by angular quantum number while its imaginary part mainly determined by model number. We also found out that the dark matter will restrain the perturbation frequency and slow down the speed of damping in spacetime. In addition; dark matter has a greater influence upon quasinormal modes in the electromagnetic field than that in the scalar field.