R-linear convergence of the Barzilai and Borwein gradient method

Combined with non-monotone line search, the Barzilai and Borwein(BB) gradient method has been successfully extended for solvingunconstrained optimization problems and is competitive withconjugate gradient methods. In this paper, we establish theR-linear convergence of the BB method for any-dimensional stronglyconvex quadratics. One corollary of this result is that theBB method is also locally R-linear convergent for general objectivefunctions, and hence the stepsize in the BB method will alwaysbe accepted by the non-monotone line search when the iterateis close to the solution.     

纳米自组装γ-Al_2O_3孔隙结构的核磁共振表征

纳米自组装γ-Al_2O_3具有两种纳米级孔道,可作为适合于大分子扩散的催化剂载体,也可用于页岩气藏模型。表征纳米材料孔隙结构的方法有扫描电镜、氮吸附法及压汞法等,各有局限。本文利用核磁共振弛豫测量对纳米自组装γ-Al_2O_3孔隙结构进行研究和定量表征,并通过核磁共振实验和数值模拟对纳米自组装γ-Al_2O_3表面弛豫强度及孔径分布进行探索。结果表明,数值模拟核磁弛豫表征的纳米自组装γ-Al_2O_3的主体孔径为5-7 nm和30-42 nm,核磁弛豫实验通过误差函数法表征的主体孔径为5-9 nm和29-47 nm。相比于氮吸附仅表征微孔介孔及部分大孔,不能表征大于100 nm孔径,压汞法描述小于10 nm孔径相对不准确等问题,核磁弛豫能够全面表征2.8-315 nm纳米自组装γ-Al_2O_3的双峰孔隙系统。三个样品S-1、S-2、S-3的横向弛豫时间T_2谱小孔大孔波峰的信号幅度比0.603、1.15、1.84直接反映各自的化学小孔大孔氧化铝投料比0.85、1.38、1.7的变化。建立的表征方法可以应用于页岩气微观结构和机理研究中,前景广阔。     

A Globally Convergent and Efficient Method for Unconstrained Discrete-Time Optimal Control

Shift schemes are commonly used in non-convex situations when solving unconstrained discrete-time optimal control problems by the differential dynamic programming (DDP) method. However, the existing shift schemes are inefficient when the shift becomes too large. In this paper, a new method of combining the DDP method with a shift scheme and the steepest descent method is proposed to cope with non-convex situations. Under certain assumptions, the proposed method is globally convergent and has q-quadratic local conve rgence. Extensive numerical experiments on many test problems in the literature are reported. These numerical results illustrate the robustness and efficiency of the proposed method.     

引力闪烁、背景辐射的各向异性及宇宙物质分布的非均匀性

宇宙物质分布的非均匀性中的随机成分,会引起宇宙距离上的辐射源的强度闪烁。这种引力闪烁效应是背景辐射的小角度各向异性的一个起因,亦即复合时期之后的密度非均匀性,也会对背景辐射的各向异性有所贡献,因此,根据背景辐射的观测结果,可以给出宇宙物质分布的非均匀性的一个上限。结果表明,如果宇宙是封闭的,则宇宙中的物质总合(包括发光物质及不发光物质)的分布可能始终没有发展出较大的非均匀性,即目前宇宙中的总质量分布可能依然是相当均匀的。     

岩石孔隙表面流体弛豫强度和分子层特征厚度的观测

孔隙介质中流体的核磁共振(NMR)驰豫受到固液界面效应的强烈影响.孔隙表面弛豫强度的定量观测对孔隙介质弛豫机制的研究和应用都具有十分重要的意义.利用弛豫和扩散测量,提出一种确定表面弛豫强度和分子层厚度的方法,同时得到表面流体分子的纵向与横向弛豫强度和表面相分子层厚度,并对孔隙介质双指数弛豫理论进行了讨论.     

基于X射线的空间语音通信系统

提出了栅控X射线源作为发射器和基于微通道板的X射线单光子探测器作为接收器的X射线通信方案. 搭建了基于X射线的空间语音通信系统, 详细介绍了信号调制发射器、基于微通道板的X射线单光子探测器及信号接收解调器的设计及工作原理. 报道了基于X射线的空间语音通信系统的初步实验结果, 实现了优于20 kbit/s的基于语音信号调制的X射线通信. 实验分析了在不同X射线强度、信号整形时间和阈值设置下通信性能影响, 得出了X射线发射功率限制X射线通信速率的结论, 提出了下一步提高X射线通信性能的改进方案. 关键词： X射线通信 X射线源 探测器     

Heat and moisture transfer in application scale parallel-plates enthalpy exchangers with novel membrane materials

Parallel-plates enthalpy exchangers are one of the most commonly encountered energy recovery devices that are used to simultaneously transfer both sensible heat and moisture between fresh air and exhaust ventilation air. For such equipments, the water vapor sorption properties of the plate materials have tremendous impacts on system performance. In this investigation, three different materials, namely, common paper, CA (cellulose acetate) membrane and a modified CA membrane) are selected as the plate materials for three enthalpy exchangers. Sorption curves and contact angles of these three materials are measured to reflect their hydrophilicity. The steady-state sensible and latent effectiveness of the three exchangers are tested in a special test rig, and the test results are compared with the model predictions. A heat and moisture transfer model for the enthalpy exchangers is proposed. The effects of the varying operating conditions like air flow rates, temperature, and humidity on the sensible and latent effectiveness are evaluated. Both the numerical and experimental results indicate that the moisture resistance through plates is co-determined by thickness, sorption slope, and sorption potential. Moisture diffusivity in various materials is in the same order. So when the plate thickness is fixed, the higher the sorption slopes are, the higher the latent performance is. Of the three exchangers, the exchanger with the modified CA membrane material has the highest performance due to small thickness, steep sorption slope, and large sorption potentials. The paper exchanger has a latent effectiveness of 0.4, while the membranes have latent effectiveness of greater than 0.7.     

新型调压装置在液体饱和蒸气压测定实验中的应用

引入可控进气量和具有独立操作的增、减压缓冲瓶的调压装置,使气压调节缓慢可控,能连续调节缓冲瓶内气体压力以适应不同温度点的液体饱和蒸气压;可通过控制U形液柱缓慢移动来读取气液平衡状态下饱和气压值,较好地克服了以往实验中存在的调压操作困难、易发生空气倒灌及未知蒸气饱和的问题,取得了良好的实验效果,提高了实验数据的准确性。     

一种X射线聚焦光学及其在X射线通信中的应用

基于栅控脉冲发射X射线源与单光子探测技术的X射线通信已经实现了实验室语音通信验证,并对通信系统的误码率性能进行了分析,为探索未来X射线深空应用打下了坚实的基础.针对目前X射线通信面临的信号发散角大、通信距离短、难以实现工程化应用的情况,迫切需要对X射线通信天线系统进行深入研究.为了提高信号增益、增大X射线通信的距离,提出了多层嵌套式X射线聚焦光学作为X射线通信的"收发天线",理论分析了X射线聚焦光学用于X射线通信"收发天线"的可行性,分析了X射线聚焦光学的理论基础与结构设计,对"发射天线"发散角、"接收天线"有效面积与焦斑尺寸、信号增益等性能做了探讨.结果表明:在信号发射端,"天线"的发散角为3 mrad左右,发射增益23 d B;在信号接收端,"接收天线"的有效面积5700 mm2@1.5 keV,焦斑直径为4.5 mm,接收增益为25 d B,通信系统总的增益可达48 d B.     

A Class of Multivariate Rational Interpolation Formulas

The object of this paper is to construct a class of multivariate rational interpolation formulas that can be used to solve interpolation problems with function data given at equidistant knots of various directed lines in the higher dimensional Euclidean space. Our formulas are built up of some explicit multivariate rational functions involving three sets of free parameters so that they enjoy sufficient flexibility for interpolating functions of several variables possessing certain kinds of singularities. The method adopted is an extension and modification of that described in our previous papers.