Bioinspired superwettable electrodes towards electrochemical biosensing

Superwettable materials have attracted much attention due to their fascinating properties and great promise in several fields. Recently, superwettable materials have injected new vitality into electrochemical biosensors. Superwettable electrodes exhibit unique advantages, including large electrochemical active areas, electrochemical dynamics acceleration, and optimized management of mass transfer. In this review, the electrochemical reaction process at electrode/electrolyte interfaces and some fundamental understanding of superwettable materials are discussed. Then progress in different electrodes has been summarized, including superhydrophilic, superhydrophobic, superaerophilic, superaerophobic, and superwettable micropatterned electrodes, electrodes with switchable wettabilities, and electrodes with Janus wettabilities. Moreover, we also discussed the development of superwettable materials for wearable electrochemical sensors. Finally, our perspective for future research is presented.

The recent progress of superhydrophilic/phobic electrodes, superaerophilic/phobic electrodes, superwettable patterned electrodes, Janus wettability electrodes and wettability switchable electrodes in electrochemical biosensing is reviewed.     

自激励旋进射流的流场及换热模拟

本文使用大涡模拟模型对自激励旋进射流的内部流场和冲击平板换热的温度场进行数值模拟,得到了不同进口Re数和不同膨胀比情况下的旋进射流的内部流场和冲击平板的温度场,并在此基础上分析了不同进口Re数和不同膨胀比对换热Nu数的影响.数值模拟表明,在本文所研究的进口Re数和膨胀比的变化范围内可以得到自激励旋进射流,射流对加热平板的冷却具有不对称的特征,Re数和膨胀比的增加对Nu数都有影响.     

烤烟中铅的检测及铅在烟株旺长期的含量分布

采用原子光谱法取样检测了云南省主产烟区烤烟旺长期烟株中铅的含量.并用DPS 8.01对检测的10组样品检测数据进行统计分析,结果表明:铅在烤烟旺长期部位间含量差异总体上是显著的(P<0.05),其含量趋势是:下部叶片＞中部叶片＞根＞下部叶脉、上部叶片＞中部叶脉、茎＞上部叶脉.     

Functional Nanomaterial-Modified Anodes in Microbial Fuel Cells: Advances and Perspectives

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a promising approach that could utilize microorganisms to oxidize biodegradable pollutants in wastewater and generate electrical power simultaneously. Introducing advanced anode nanomaterials is generally considered as an effective way to enhance MFC performance by increasing bacterial adhesion and facilitating extracellular electron transfer (EET). This review focuses on the key advances of recent anode modification materials, as well as the current understanding of the microbial EET process occurring at the bacteria-electrode interface. Based on the difference in combination mode of the exoelectrogens and nanomaterials, anode surface modification, hybrid biofilm construction and single-bacterial surface modification strategies are elucidated exhaustively. The inherent mechanisms may help to break through the performance output bottleneck of MFCs by rational design of EET-related nanomaterials, and lead to the widespread application of microbial electrochemical systems.     

Lower and upper bounds of condition number for Vandermonde-wise matrices and method of fundamental solutions using pseudo radial-lines

Consider the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) for 2D Laplace's equation in a bounded simply connected domain $S$. In the standard MFS, the source nodes are located on a closed contour outside the domain boundary $\mathrm{\Gamma }(=\partial S)$, which is called pseudo-boundary. For circular, elliptic, and general closed pseudo-boundaries, analysis and computation have been studied extensively. New locations of source nodes are proposed along two pseudo radial-lines outside $\mathrm{\Gamma }$. Numerical results are very encouraging and promising. Since the success of the MFS mainly depends on stability, our efforts are focused on deriving the lower and upper bounds of condition number (Cond). The study finds stability properties of new Vandermonde-wise matrices on nodes $x_i\in [a,b]$ with . The Vandermonde-wise matrix is called in this article if it can be decomposed into the standard Vandermonde matrix. New lower and upper bounds of Cond are first derived for the standard Vandermonde matrix, and then for new algorithms of the MFS using two pseudo radial-lines. Both lower and upper bounds of Cond are intriguing in the stability study for the MFS. Numerical experiments are carried out to verify the stability analysis made. Since the fundamental solutions (as $\{\ln |\overline{{PQ}_i}|\}$) are the basis functions of the MFS, new Vandermonde-wise matrices are found. Since the nodes $x_i\in [a,b]$ with may come from approximations and interpolations by the Laurent polynomials with singular part, the conclusions in this article are important not only to the MFS but also to matrix analysis.     

Enantioselective Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of 1,1-Disubstituted Allenes

Here, we report the first example of Ni-catalyzed asymmetric hydrosilylation of 1,1-disubstituted allenes with high level of regioselectivities and enantioselectivities. The key to achieve this stereoselective hydrosilylation reaction was the development of the SPSiOL-derived bisphosphite ligands (SPSiPO). This protocol features broad substrate scope, excellent functional group, and heterocycle tolerance, thus provides a versatile method for the construction of enantioenriched tertiary allylsilanes in a straightforward and atom-economic manner. DFT calculations were performed to reveal the reaction mechanism and the origins of the enantioselectivity.     

Synthesis of cobalt A2B triaryl corroles bearing methoxy or hydroxyl groups and their activity in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Four A₂B cobalt corrole complexes 1 – 4 appending two methoxy or hydroxyl groups on the 10-meso phenyl group had been synthesized. Four cobalt corroles showed high electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the organic phase and in the aqueous phase. The hydrogen evolution pathway was EECEC when using acetic acid as proton source. When trifluoroacetic acid was used as proton source, the hydrogen evolution route via EECEC or EECC depending on the concentration of trifluoroacetic acid. Cobalt corrole 4 showed the best HER performance with the k_obs of 122.68 s⁻¹ in organic phase and the TOF of 832.2 h⁻¹ in aqueous phase respectively. The results suggested the phenyl hydroxyl group at the cobalt corrole peripheral may act as the proton relay group in HER and the o-hydroxyl of phenyl was better than m- hydroxyl for proton relay.