全文获取类型
收费全文 | 974篇 |
免费 | 27篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 532篇 |
晶体学 | 8篇 |
力学 | 32篇 |
数学 | 182篇 |
物理学 | 255篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 12篇 |
2021年 | 16篇 |
2020年 | 15篇 |
2019年 | 11篇 |
2018年 | 14篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 22篇 |
2015年 | 26篇 |
2014年 | 26篇 |
2013年 | 57篇 |
2012年 | 55篇 |
2011年 | 63篇 |
2010年 | 36篇 |
2009年 | 33篇 |
2008年 | 44篇 |
2007年 | 46篇 |
2006年 | 36篇 |
2005年 | 37篇 |
2004年 | 36篇 |
2003年 | 42篇 |
2002年 | 36篇 |
2001年 | 14篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 20篇 |
1984年 | 19篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 16篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1933年 | 4篇 |
1927年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有1009条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
51.
Levi Evans Yiqui Shen Abigail Bender Leah E. Burnett Musheng Li Justine S. Habibian Tong Zhou Bradley S. Ferguson 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(5)
Plant-based foods, like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds and other foodstuffs, have been deemed as heart healthy. The chemicals within these plant-based foods, i.e., phytochemicals, are credited with protecting the heart. However, the mechanistic actions of phytochemicals, which prevent clinical endpoints, such as pathological cardiac hypertrophy, are still being elucidated. We sought to characterize the overlapping and divergent mechanisms by which 18 selected phytochemicals prevent phenylephrine- and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-mediated cardiomyocyte enlargement. Of the tested 18 compounds, six attenuated PE- and PMA-mediated enlargement of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Cell viability assays showed that apigenin, baicalein, berberine hydrochloride, emodin, luteolin and quercetin dihydrate did not reduce cell size through cytotoxicity. Four of the six phytochemicals, apigenin, baicalein, berberine hydrochloride and emodin, robustly inhibited stress-induced hypertrophy and were analyzed further against intracellular signaling and genome-wide changes in mRNA expression. The four phytochemicals differentially regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases and protein kinase D. RNA-sequencing further showed divergence in gene regulation, while pathway analysis demonstrated overlap in the regulation of inflammatory pathways. Combined, this study provided a comprehensive analysis of cardioprotective phytochemicals. These data highlight two defining observations: (1) that these compounds predominantly target divergent gene pathways within cardiac myocytes and (2) that regulation of overlapping signaling and gene pathways may be of particular importance for the anti-hypertrophic actions of these phytochemicals. Despite these new findings, future works investigating rodent models of heart failure are still needed to understand the roles for these compounds in the heart. 相似文献
52.
Annabelle Ballesta Jean Clairambault Sandrine Dulong Francis Levi 《Applied Mathematics Letters》2011,24(7):1251-1256
The anticancer drug Irinotecan (CPT11) is known to trigger the induction of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters, responsible for the efflux of the drug and its metabolites outside of the cells. The drug-modulated overexpression of those transporters prevents its accumulation in the intracellular medium, therefore decreasing its efficacy. A critical clinical concern lies in the design of CPT11-based therapeutic strategies which eradicate a maximum number of cancer cells despite their ability to become resistant. In order to address this issue, we supplemented an existing mathematical model of CPT11 molecular pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics (PK–PD) with a new model of CPT11-induced overexpression of ABC transporters. We then theoretically optimized exposure to CPT11 given as a single agent or combined either with ABC transporter inhibitors, or with inhibitors of nuclear factors whose activation is responsible for transporter overexpression. We firstly considered a cancer cell population endowed with the ability of inducing their transporters. For any drug combination, we concluded that the highest concentration of CPT11 should be administered in order to kill a maximum number of cancer cells, despite the triggering of resistance. We then considered a population of healthy cells which were assumed to be identical to cancer cells except that they were not able to become resistant. Optimal schemes were defined as the ones which maximized DNA damage in cancer cells under the constraint of DNA damage in healthy cells not exceeding a tolerability threshold. The optimal therapeutic strategy consisted in combining CPT11 with ABC transporter inhibitors as it achieved a complete reversal of resistance by means of the lowest concentrations of CPT11. 相似文献
53.
Claudia Strobel Adriano A. Torrano Rudolf Herrmann Marcelina Malissek Christoph Bräuchle Armin Reller Lennart Treuel Ingrid Hilger 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2014,16(1):1-16
Until now, the potential effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on endothelial cells are not well understood, despite their already wide usage. Therefore, the present work characterizes six TiO2 nanoparticle samples in the size range of 19 × 17 to 87 × 13 nm, which are commonly present in sun protection agents with respect to their physicochemical properties (size, shape, ζ-potential, agglomeration, sedimentation, surface coating, and surface area), their interactions with serum proteins and biological impact on human microvascular endothelial cells (relative cellular dehydrogenase activity, adenosine triphosphate content, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 release). We observed no association of nanoparticle morphology with the agglomeration and sedimentation behavior and no variations of the ζ-potential (?14 to ?19 mV) in dependence on the surface coating. In general, the impact on endothelial cells was low and only detectable at concentrations of 100 μg/ml. Particles containing a rutile core and having rod-like shape had a stronger effect on cell metabolism than those with anatase core and elliptical shape (relative cellular dehydrogenase activity after 72 h: 60 vs. 90 %). Besides the morphology, the nanoparticle shell constitution was found to influence the metabolic activity of the cells. Upon cellular uptake, the nanoparticles were localized perinuclearly. Considering that in the in vivo situation endothelial cells would come in contact with considerably lower nanoparticle amounts than the lowest-observable adverse effects level (100 μg/ml), TiO2 nanoparticles can be considered as rather harmless to humans under the investigated conditions. 相似文献
54.
Is it True That the Normal Valence‐Length Correlation Is Irrelevant for Metal–Metal Bonds? 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Vijay Singh Dr. Mudit Dixit Dr. Monica Kosa Prof. Dan Thomas Major Prof. Elena Levi Prof. Dr. Doron Aurbach 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(15):5269-5276
The most intriguing feature of metal–metal bonds in inorganic compounds is an apparent lack of correlation between the bond order and the bond length. In this study, we combine a variety of literature data obtained by quantum chemistry and our results based on the empirical bond valence model (BVM), to confirm for the first time the existence of a normal exponential correlation between the effective bond order (EBO) and the length of the metal–metal bonds. The difference between the EBO and the formal bond order is attributed to steric conflict between the (TM)n cluster (TM=transition metal) and its environment. This conflict, affected mainly by structural type, should cause high lattice strains, but electron redistribution around TM atoms, evident from the BVM calculations, results in a full or partial strain relaxation. 相似文献
55.
Aubert B Boutigny D Gaillard JM Hicheur A Karyotakis Y Lees JP Robbe P Tisserand V Palano A Pompili A Chen GP Chen JC Qi ND Rong G Wang P Zhu YS Eigen G Stugu B Abrams GS Borgland AW Breon AB Brown DN Button-Shafer J Cahn RN Clark AR Gill MS Gritsan AV Groysman Y Jacobsen RG Kadel RW Kadyk J Kerth LT Kolomensky YG Kral JF LeClerc C Levi ME Lynch G Oddone PJ Pripstein M Roe NA Romosan A Ronan MT Shelkov VG Telnov AV Wenzel WA Harrison TJ Hawkes CM Knowles DJ O'Neale SW Penny RC Watson AT 《Physical review letters》2002,88(22):221802
Flavor oscillations of neutral B mesons have been studied in e+e- annihilation data collected with the BABAR detector at center-of-mass energies near the upsilon(4S) resonance. The data sample used for this purpose consists of events in which one B0 meson is reconstructed in a hadronic decay mode, while the flavor of the recoiling B0 is determined with a tagging algorithm that exploits the correlation between the flavor of the heavy quark and the charges of its decay products. From the time development of the observed mixed and unmixed final states, we determine the B0-B-0 oscillation frequency deltamd to be 0.516+/-0.016(stat)+/-0.010(syst) ps-1. 相似文献
56.
Aubert B Boutigny D Gaillard JM Hicheur A Karyotakis Y Lees JP Robbe P Tisserand V Palano A Chen GP Chen JC Qi ND Rong G Wang P Zhu YS Eigen G Reinertsen PL Stugu B Abbott B Abrams GS Borgland AW Breon AB Brown DN Button-Shafer J Cahn RN Clark AR Gill MS Gritsan AV Groysman Y Jacobsen RG Kadel RW Kadyk J Kerth LT Kluth S Kolomensky YG Kral JF LeClerc C Levi ME Liu T Lynch G Meyer AB Momayezi M Oddone PJ Perazzo A Pripstein M Roe NA Romosan A Ronan MT Shelkov VG Telnov AV Wenzel WA Zisman MS 《Physical review letters》2002,88(10):101805
The branching fractions of the exclusive decays B0-->K(*0)gamma and B+-->K(*+)gamma are measured from a sample of (22.74+/-0.36)x10(6) BB decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric e(+)e(-) collider. We find B (B0-->K(*0)gamma) = [4.23+/-0.40(stat)+/-0.22(syst)]x10(-5), B(B+-->K(*+)gamma) = [3.83+/-0.62(stat)+/-0.22(syst)]x10(-5) and constrain the CP-violating charge asymmetry to be -0.170K(*)gamma)<0.082 at 90% C.L. 相似文献
57.
L'. Holá S. Levi J. Pelant 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》1999,127(7):2193-2197
Let be a Hausdorff topological space and the hyperspace of all closed nonempty subsets of . We show that the Fell topology on is normal if and only if the space is Lindelöf and locally compact. For the Fell topology normality, paracompactness and Lindelöfness are equivalent.
58.
Rois Benassi Adriano Benedetti Ferdinando Taddei Roberto Cappelletti Dante Nardi Alberto Tajana 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》1982,20(1):26-30
Aryl- and 2-furylaldehyde ethylaminoacetylhydrazones were examined in different solvents and over a wide temperature range with 1H NMR in order to study their conformational properties. Nearly equal amounts of the E/Z isomers, relative to the C?N bond, are present, even when the solvents and the substituents on the aldimino carbon produce small changes in the isomeric mixture. The activation parameters of the thermal isomerization process were measured, and the results are in the line with a lateral-shift type mechanism, also supported by theoretical calculations on a model compound. No other internal process was noted from the low-temperature spectral behaviour, and this was interpreted in terms of a highly biased equilibrium concerning the rotation around the C(O)? N bond. Chemical shifts obtained in different solvents also enable the most stable arrangement of the whole molecule of these compounds to be postulated. 相似文献
59.
Two electrothermal atomic absorption techniques which provide linear working functions over wide concentration ranges, and are suitable for the determination of zinc and copper in aqueous and 10-fold diluted blood serum matrices are evaluated. The first technique is based on modification of the furnace tube to provide a significant decrease of the atomic absorption signal when microliter and larger volumes of sample are injected. The second technique involves a delivery system capable of dispensing micro- and submicroliter sample volumes to the furnace tube. The precision of the two techniques is about 98%. 相似文献
60.
A. V. Kamernitskii V. G. Levi I. G. Reshetova V. S. Bogdanov E. G. Cherepanova 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》1984,33(3):663-666
Conclusions The structural direction of the hydrogenation of steroidal 3-acetoxy-4-6-ketones depends on the substitution at C17, and due to this it becomes possible to approach the 5H analogs from the 5-hydroxy-6-keto-17-desoxysteroids.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 713–716, March, 1984. 相似文献