全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7548篇 |
免费 | 1140篇 |
国内免费 | 968篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 5491篇 |
晶体学 | 45篇 |
力学 | 476篇 |
综合类 | 60篇 |
数学 | 827篇 |
物理学 | 2757篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 18篇 |
2023年 | 136篇 |
2022年 | 239篇 |
2021年 | 291篇 |
2020年 | 303篇 |
2019年 | 290篇 |
2018年 | 209篇 |
2017年 | 199篇 |
2016年 | 312篇 |
2015年 | 354篇 |
2014年 | 364篇 |
2013年 | 495篇 |
2012年 | 582篇 |
2011年 | 684篇 |
2010年 | 434篇 |
2009年 | 427篇 |
2008年 | 490篇 |
2007年 | 428篇 |
2006年 | 421篇 |
2005年 | 405篇 |
2004年 | 286篇 |
2003年 | 252篇 |
2002年 | 251篇 |
2001年 | 219篇 |
2000年 | 167篇 |
1999年 | 158篇 |
1998年 | 152篇 |
1997年 | 131篇 |
1996年 | 139篇 |
1995年 | 150篇 |
1994年 | 115篇 |
1993年 | 104篇 |
1992年 | 73篇 |
1991年 | 97篇 |
1990年 | 59篇 |
1989年 | 59篇 |
1988年 | 48篇 |
1987年 | 31篇 |
1986年 | 22篇 |
1985年 | 18篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有9656条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
A CA19-9 electrochemical immunosensor was constructed using a hybrid self-assembled membrane modified with a gold electrode and applied to detect real samples. Hybrid self-assembled membranes were selected for electrode modification and used to detect antigens. First, the pretreated working electrodes were placed in a 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)/β-mercaptoethanol (ME) mixture for 24 h for self-assembly. The electrodes were then placed in an EDC/NHS mixture for 1 h. Layer modification was performed by stepwise dropwise addition of CA19-9 antibody, BSA, and antigen. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to characterize this immunosensor preparation process. The assembled electrochemical immunosensor enables linear detection in the concentration range of 0.05–500 U/mL of CA19-9, and the detection limit was calculated as 0.01 U/mL. The results of the specificity measurement test showed that the signal change of the interfering substance was much lower than the response value of the detected antigen, indicating that the sensor has good specificity and strong anti-interference ability. The repeatability test results showed that the relative standard deviations were less than 5%, showing good accuracy and precision. The CA19-9 electrochemical immunosensor was used for the actual sample detection, and the experimental results of the standard serum addition method showed that the RSD values of the test concentrations were all less than 10%. The recoveries were 102.4–115.0%, indicating that the assay has high precision, good accuracy, and high potential application value. 相似文献
62.
Active control of a flexible cantilever plate with multiple time delays is investigated using the discrete optimal control method. A controller with multiple time delays is presented. In this controller, time delay effect is incorporated in the mathematical model of the dynamic system throughout the control design and no approximations and assumptions are made in the controller derivation, so the system stability is easily guaranteed. Furthermore, this controller is available for both small time delays and large time delays. The feasibility and efficiency of the proposed controller are verified through numerical simulations in the end of this paper. 相似文献
63.
基于长光程技术的痕量海水营养盐自动分析仪的设计与测试 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
海水中可溶性的营养盐浓度是海洋监测的常规项目之一;大洋水体中的营养盐含量很低,使用传统的分光光度计难于定量测量。文章基于液芯波导长光程技术,设计了高灵敏度的痕量海水营养盐光谱分析仪。分析仪以1.02 nm的光谱分辨率实现350~900 nm光谱范围的水样吸光度连续光谱测量,并由嵌入式PC104微机自动实现了水样采集、吸光度测量和数据分析的功能。针对亚硝酸盐的测试实验结果表明,仪器检出限达到nmol·L-1的量级,比传统分光光度计的检测限提高了三个量级,且显色反应时间可缩短到3 min,能适用于大洋水体中营养盐的现场痕量分析。 相似文献
64.
Mingzhu Du Shuanghong Yang Tong Jiang Tingting Liang Ying Li Shuzhen Cai Qingping Wu Jumei Zhang Wei Chen Xinqiang Xie 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(14)
Expression and purification of β-galactosidases derived from Bifidobacterium provide a new resource for efficient lactose hydrolysis and lactose intolerance alleviation. Here, we cloned and expressed two β-galactosidases derived from Bifidobacterium. The optimal pH for BLGLB1 was 5.5, and the optimal temperature was 45 °C, at which the enzyme activity of BLGLB1 was higher than that of commercial enzyme E (300 ± 3.6 U/mg) under its optimal conditions, reaching 2200 ± 15 U/mg. The optimal pH and temperature for BPGLB1 were 6.0 and 45 °C, respectively, and the enzyme activity (0.58 ± 0.03 U/mg) under optimum conditions was significantly lower than that of BLGLB1. The structures of the two β-galactosidase were similar, with all known key sites conserved. When o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside (oNPG) was used as an enzyme reaction substrate, the maximum reaction velocity (Vmax) for BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 3700 ± 100 U/mg and 1.1 ± 0.1 U/mg, respectively. The kinetic constant (Km) of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 1.9 ± 0.1 and 1.3 ± 0.3 mmol/L, respectively. The respective catalytic constant (kcat) of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 1700 ± 40 s−1 and 0.5 ± 0.02 s−1, respectively; the respective kcat/Km value of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 870 L/(mmol∙s) and 0.36 L/(mmol∙s), respectively. The Km, kcat and Vmax values of BLGLB1 were superior to those of earlier reported β-galactosidase derived from Bifidobacterium. Overall, BLGLB1 has potential application in the food industry. 相似文献
66.
Stability, internal modes and internal oscillation of 12-pearled necklace solitons in photorefractive crystal with imprinted Bessel photonic lattices are investigated. It is shown that the imaginary parts of internal modes are negligible comparing with real parts. The stable solitons perform long-distance and quasi-periodic oscillation of intensity and shape under the perturbation of internal modes. 相似文献
67.
Sensitive absorption spectroscopy with a room-temperature distributed-feedback quantum-cascade laser 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Namjou K Cai S Whittaker EA Faist J Gmachl C Capasso F Sivco DL Cho AY 《Optics letters》1998,23(3):219-221
We report what we believe are the first spectroscopic measurements to be made with a room-temperature quantum-cascade distributed-feedback laser. Using wavelength modulation spectroscopy, we detected N(2)O and CH(4) in the chemical fingerprint wavelength range near 8microm . The noise equivalent absorbance for our measurement was 5 parts in 10(5), limited by excess amplitude modulation on the laser output, which corresponds to a 1-Hz bandwidth detection limit of 250 parts N(2)O in 10(9) parts N(2) in a 1-m path length. 相似文献
68.
A scheme is proposed to controll the decoherence of
three-level rf-SQUID qubit with asymmetric potential by designing an
external electric circuit for superconductive flux qubit. The
results show that it may not only raise the gate speed but also extend
decoherence time for a three-level structure. 相似文献
69.
本文选用混杂的B3LYP密度泛函理论方法,在Lanl2dz水平上,对5,15-二(二茂铁基)-卟啉酞菁钇[Por(Fc)2]Y(Pc)的结构进行了优化,结果表明,5,15-二(二茂铁基)-卟啉酞菁钇呈现出三明治型构型,卟啉环与酞菁环呈穹型围绕在金属钇原子周围。对分子内主要的键长与键角进行了理论计算,通过频率计算,得到了5,15-二(二茂铁基)-卟啉酞菁钇[Por(Fc)2]Y(Pc)的红外光谱图,与实验所得的红外光谱图进行比对,将理论计算和实验所得的光谱主要振动峰进行了线性回归拟合,相关系数为0.992,标准偏差为16.96。理论计算与实验所获得的红外光谱图基本一致,说明本文所选用的DFT理论计算方法是可行的。通过GaussView软件对5,15-二(二茂铁基)-卟啉酞菁钇的红外谱带简正振动模式进行了指认。此外,分析讨论了5,15-二(二茂铁基)-卟啉酞菁钇[Por(Fc)2]Y(Pc)的分子静电势,确定了极大值与极小值的位置。对于研究5,15-二(二茂铁基)-卟啉酞菁钇分子的性质,提供了相应的理论基础。 相似文献
70.
Deep level transient spectroscopy investigation of deep levels in CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells with Te:Cu back contact 下载免费PDF全文
Deep levels in Cds/CdTe thin film solar cells have a
potent influence on the electrical property of these devices. As an
essential layer in the solar cell device structure, back contact is
believed to induce some deep defects in the CdTe thin film. With the
help of deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), we study the deep
levels in CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells with Te:Cu back contact.
One hole trap and one electron trap are observed. The hole trap H1,
localized at Ev+0.128~eV, originates from the vacancy of Cd
(VCd. The electron trap E1, found at Ec-0.178~eV,
is considered to be correlated with the interstitial Cui=
in CdTe. 相似文献