Finite automata based algorithms on subsequences and supersequences of degenerate strings

In this paper, we present linear-time algorithms for the construction two novel types of finite automata and show how they can be used to efficiently solve the Longest Common Subsequence (LCS), Shortest Common Supersequence (SCS) and Constrained Longest Common Subsequence (CLCS) problems for degenerate strings.     

Effects of anisotropic diffraction on quadratic multisoliton excitation in noncritically p hase-matched crystals

The generation of multiple quadratic spatial solitons aligned approximately along a crystal axis in a biaxial noncritically phase-matched crystal is shown theoretically and experimentally to be the consequence of anisotropic diffraction.     

Modelling laser cleaning of low-absorbing substrates: the effect of near-field focussing

A three-dimensional model for laser cleaning of spherical, transparent particles on low-absorbing substrates has been developed. It takes into account near-field focussing of the laser radiation by the particles. The intensity distribution under a particle was found using Mie theory together with the geometrical optics approximation. This permits the estimation of the beam width at the substrate surface and the focal distance of the radiation coming from the spherical particle. These parameters are used to find the distribution of intensity within the low-absorbing substrate from the formula for a focussed Gaussian beam. This is in contrast with most other models of laser cleaning, which assume that all absorption occurs at the surface of the substrate. The energy criterion was used to calculate the threshold fluence. The model predicts threshold fluences of the order of 10³ J/cm² for silica spheres having a diameter of the order of a micron on silica substrates, assuming adhesion by van der Waals force. As this is well above the damage threshold for silica, it effectively predicts that laser cleaning of silica spheres from silica will be impossible. For glass slides the threshold fluence is predicted to be a factor of 10^-4 times smaller than that for silica slides (about 0.1 J/cm²). This is due to the much higher absorption of glass compared to that of silica at 248 nm. PACS 42.62.Cf; 81.65.Cf     

Stationary vacuum fields with a conformally flat three-space I. General theory

A generalized notion of conformastat space-times is introduced in relativity theory. In this sense, the conformastat space-time is stationary with the three-space of timelike Killing trajectories being conformally flat. A 3+1 decomposition of the field equations is given, and two classes of nonstatic conformastat vacuum fields are exhaustively investigated. The resulting three metrics form a NUT-type extension of the solution of the static conformastat vacuum problem. We conjecture that all conformastat vacuum space-times are axially symmetric.     

Thermal conductivity of oriented crystalline polymers

Thermal conductivities of six oriented semicrystalline polymers which range from 0.37 to 0.63 in crystallinity and 1 to 5 in draw ratio λ (up to about 15 for two polymers) have been measured between 100 and 340 K. It was found that for increasing λ the conductivity K_∥ (along the draw direction n?) increases rapidly while K_⊥ (normal to n?) decreases slightly; K_∥ also increases with temperature, but K_⊥ shows no simple pattern in temperature dependence. These general features can be reproduced reasonably well at low draw ratio (λ < 5) by the modified Maxwell model, and the discrepancy in details may be attributed to the fact that the model does not take into account the possible anisotropy of the amorphous phase of the oriented polymers. At high draw ratio the intercrystalline bridge effect becomes important, and one must resort to the Takayanagi model, but the lack of corroborating x-ray data has rendered a detailed comparison impossible.     

A scintillation detector with suppressed sensitivity to isotropic gamma-radiation

A composite scintillation detector consisting of two scintillators with different scintillation decay times, exhibiting a very low sensitivity to isotropic -radiation is presented in the paper. Detection characteristics of several such detectors have been experimentally verified and the rules for their design are given.     

FMR and FMAR measurement of saturation magnetization of the Fe-3 wt.% Si single crystals between 3.5 and 300 K

The saturation magnetization value of the alloy was established as 2.0782 and 2.0148 T (± 0.5 mT), at 4 and 300 K, respectively. Compared with the spin-wave theory the value of the stiffness constant was obtained 2.15 × 10²¹ eV m² and 1.9 × 10²¹ eV m² at the helium and room temperature, respectively. The influence of the highest-order term $\text{(～T}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>5</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{)}$ on the temperature dependence of magnetization is small and can be neglected. Its value corresponds to the neutron diffraction measurements.     

Strange particle production in the hadrochemical model

Strange particle production in heavy ion collisions is calculated in the framework of a hadrochemical model. It is compared with the results of cascade and fireball model calculations and experimental data. The importance of πN and πΔ collisions in producing kaons and hyperons is pointed out.