End unit effect on the Tg of differentiated series of perfluoro-poly (oxymethylene-co-oxyethylene) oligomers

Twelve series of linear oligomers of four different degrees of polymerization (x_n = 8.77−41.55), having a common perfluorinated random copolymeric chain as molecular body and two equal foreign end units of one of the types listed in Table 1, have been synthesized by derivatization of base samples of one of them having a diolic---CH₂OH functionality. The glass transition temperature T_g of all the series was measured and thus examined as a function of x_n. A clear end unit effect is observed, dominantly determined in every series by chemical nature and structure of the end units, quantitatively expressed at any x_n by different positive or negative T_g deviations from the common asymptotic T_g∞ value. The results are also discussed in terms of copolymer end effect and of relation between T_g and end copolymeric composition.     

The external magnetic field dependence of RF splitting of57Fe hyperfine lines. NMR + Mössbauer double resonance experiment

We present the results of an experimental investigation of a RF splitting of⁵⁷Fe hyperfine lines in the regime of NMR and Mössbauer double resonance. The experiments have been performed as a function of RF field intensity and static magnetic field magnitude. The intensity of the RF components and the separation between them are extremely sensitive to the frequency and amplitude of the RF magnetic field. The RF splitting of hyperfine lines is inversely proportional to the strength of the static magnetic field.     

Spin effects in instanton models

Nonperturbative nolocal structure of QCD vacuum is well described by instanton model. Specific helicity and flavor structure of zero modes of quarks, in instanton field allows simultaneously to explain some important features of low-and high-energy hadron phenomemology. The basic characteristics of hadron spectrum, partonic sum rules, heavyquark potential etc within the instanton liquid model are briefly discussed.     

Surface grating formation and erasing on a-Se films

Surface relief formation at holographic recording on amorphous selenium films was demonstrated and investigated. The presence of this optical phase modulation component is essential for ensuring significant, stable and erasable optical recording in a-Se films at 290–320 K temperatures, where conventional photodarkening was known as insignificant and unstable. Photocrystallization can only be observed in super-exposed a-Se films at the given experimental conditions of hologram recording. Erasing behavior of surface relief gratings under heat treatment was also investigated in order to reveal further details of the mechanism. Photoinduced structural transformations within the amorphous phase, connected to local ordering under the condition of light-induced fluidity, are proposed as an explanation for the relief formation and erasing. The observed reversible optical recording process may be useful for the various optoelectronic applications of photoconductive a-Se layers. Received: 12 June 2000 / Accepted: 6 June 2001 / Published online: 30 August 2001     

Distribution of magnetization in an easy-plane ferromagnet

Physics and Mathematics Division with Computational Center of the Bashkir Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 80, No. 3, pp. 470–473, September, 1989.     

Reducing systems of linear differential equations to a passive form

In this paper, an application of the Riquer-Thomas-Janet theory is described for the problem of transforming a system of partial differential equations into a passive form, i.e., to a special form which contains explicitly both the equations of the initial system and all their nontrivial differential consequences. This special representation of a system markedly facilitates the subsequent integration of the corresponding differential equations. In this paper, the modern approach to the indicated problem is presented. This is the approach adopted in the Knuth-Bendix procedure [13] for critical-pair/completion and then Buchberger's algorithm for completion of polynomial ideal bases [13] (or, alternatively, for the construction of Groebner bases for ideals in a differential operator ring [14]). The algorithm of reduction to the passive form for linear system of partial differential equations and its implementation in the algorithmic language REFAL, as well as the capabilities of the corresponding program, are outlined. Examples illustrating the power and efficiency of the system are presented.     

A New Distribution Function for Risk Analysis

This paper presents an alternative to the beta continuous probability distribution for risk analysis. Particular attention has been given to two major applications of distributions, namely project management risk and critical path analysis (PERT). In conjunction with the beta, the triangular and normal distributions are frequently employed in order to give sufficient robustness to risk analysis. The beta distribution, as used in PERT, has a major theoretical implementation flaw. The new distribution was developed to give a possible alternative method of assessing risk. It is shown that the requirement to estimate the most pessimistic variate may be replaced by the probability to exceed the mode. Proposals for other simplifications in risk analysis are discussed. Practical means to validate the most appropriate distributions for risk analysis are outlined, and a cost-data case study is included.     

A statistical approach to the solution of ill-posed problems in geophysics

The article surveys the main results of the statistical approach to the solution of ill-posed problems of mathematical physics, in application to specific ill-posed inverse problems in geophysics.Invited paper presented at the International Seminar on Mathematical Foundations of the Interpretation of Geophysical Fields, Moscow, May–June 1972.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 79, pp. 67–81, 1978.