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181.
Svihla C. Kurt Dronawat Sundeep N. Hanley Thomas R. 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1995,(1):355-366
It can be difficult to obtain reliable rheological data for filamentous fermentation broths using conventional instruments.
One common approach is to measure the torque drawn by an impeller rotating in the suspension (1–7). Many previous workers have assumed that the applicable shear rate in such a device is related to the impeller speed by
a fluid-independent constant determined by calibration with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids (1–9). The rheology ofAspergillus niger broths have been characterized using the impeller viscometer approach. The changes in the broth rheology were measured, and
used to interpret the growth of biomass and the evolution of the microorganism morphology. 相似文献
182.
[reaction: see text] Rhodium-catalyzed oxygen transfer was used to generate benzyl 2-silyl-2-oxoacetates in good yields. The hydrogenation of these compounds led to chiral alpha-silyl-substituted alpha-hydroxyacetic acids. Resolution by means of HPLC using a chiral stationary phase afforded an enantiomerically pure representative of this class of compounds, which was successfully applied as a chiral ligand in an asymmetric aldol-type reaction. 相似文献
183.
The effect of polymers on the phase behavior of balanced microemulsions: diblock-copolymer and comb-polymers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effect of some amphipilic diblock-copolymers and comb-polymers on a balanced Winsor III microemulsion system is investigated with the quaternary system n-octyl-β-d-glucoside/1-octanol/n-octane/D2O as basis system. The diblock-copolymers are polyethyleneoxide-co-polydodecenoxide (PEO
x
PEDODO
y
) and polyethyleneoxide-co-polybutyleneoxide (PEO
x
PEBU
y
), constituted of a straight chain hydrophilic part and a bulky hydrophobic part. Addition of the diblock-copolymer leads to an enhancement of the swelling of the middle phase by uptake of water and oil; a maximum boosting factor of 6 was obtained for PEO111PEDODO25. Nuclear magnetic resonance diffusometry yields the self-diffusion coefficients of all the components in the system. The diffusion experiments provide information on how the microstructure of the bicontinuous microemulsion changes upon addition of the polymers. The reduced self-diffusion coefficients of water and oil are sensitive to the type of polymer that is incorporated in the film. For the diblock-copolymers, as mainly used here, the reduced self-diffusion coefficient of oil and water will respond to how the polymer bends the film. When the film bends away from water, the reduced self-diffusion of the water will increase, whereas the oil diffusion will decrease due to the film acting as a barrier, hindering free diffusion. The self-diffusion coefficient of the polymer and surfactant are similar in magnitude and both decrease slightly with increasing polymer concentration. 相似文献
184.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [ReNCl(NPPh2C6H4)]2 · [Ph3PNH2]Cl · CH3CN, a Rhenium Organic Nitrido Phosphoraneiminato Complex The title compound is synthesized by the reaction of ReNCl4 with Me3SiNPPh3 in boiling acetonitrile, forming colourless crystals, which are characterized by an X-ray structure determination. Space group P1 , Z = 2, 4 037 observed unique reflections, R = 0.043. Lattice dimensions at 19°C: a = 1 005.5; b = 1 695.2; c = 1 744.7 pm, α = 105.86°; β = 101.49°; γ = 104.45°. The structure consists of dimeric molecules [ReNCl(NPPh2C6H4)]2, triphenylphosphorane ammoniumchloride and included acetonitrile molecules. In the nitrido phosphoraneiminato complex the rhenium atoms are μ2-bridged via the N-Atoms of the phosphoraneiminato ligands. Because of this bridging and a Re? Re bond, one terminal nitrido ligand, one terminal chloro ligand, and a Re? C bond of an -C-atom of one phenylene group of Re-atoms attain co-ordination number six. 相似文献
185.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [Se3N2Cl]+GaCl4? [Se3N2Cl]+GaCl4? has been prepared by the reduction of [Se2NCl2]+GaC14? with SbPh3 in CH2Cl2 solution, forming red crystals, which were characterized by an X-ray structure determination. Space group P21/n, Z = 4, 1640 observed unique reflections, R = 0.050. Lattice dimensions at ? 80 °C: a = 929.4(1), b= 1078.8(1), c = 1135.7(1) pm, β = 92.026(9)°. The cations from nearly planar Se3N2 five membered rings with Se? N bond lengths from 170 to 176pm and a Se? Se bond of 242.2 pm. One of the selenium atoms is bonded to the chlorine atom. 相似文献
186.
(PPh4)2[MoN(N3)3Cl]2; Synthesis, IR Spectrum, and Crystal Structure The title compound is formed in the reaction of molybdenum (II) benzoate with trimethylsilyl azide and PPh4Cl in dichloro methane forming dark red single crystals. A PPh3Me⊕ salt of the ion [MoN(N3)3Cl]22? is obtained from (PPh3Me)2MoNCl4] treated with silver azide in CH2Cl2 suspension. The solvent CH2Cl2 participates in both reactions as oxidizing agent. (PPh4)2[MoN(N3)3Cl2 is characterized by a structural analysis based upon X-ray data: space group P1 , Z = 1, a = 1050.7 pm; b = 1185.4 pm; c = 1190.8 pm; α = 98.90°; β = 106.87°; γ = 103.97° (4505 independent, observed reflexions, R = 0.039). The compound consists of PPh4⊕ cations and centrosymmetric anions [MoN(N3)3Cl22? in which the molybdenum atoms are bridged by the Nα atoms of two azide groups; the resulting Mo? N bond lengths are 208 pm and 260 pm. In trans position to the long Mo? N bond the terminal nitrido ligand is situated, the Mo?N distance of 164 pm corresponds to a triple bond. Two terminal azido ligands and the chloro ligand are filling up the coordination sphere of the molybdenum atoms to a coordination number of six. The i.r. spectrum is reported and assigned. 相似文献
187.
Diiodoacetylene Complexes of Tungsten(IV). Crystal Structure of PPh4[WCl5(C2I2)] · 0.5 CH2Cl2 Tungsten hexachloride and diiodoacetylene react in CCl4 solution forming [WCl4(I? C?C? I)]2 which has a dimer structure with chloro bridges. In CH2Cl2, it reacts with PPh4Cl yielding PPh4[WCl5(I? C?C? I)] · 0.5 CH2Cl2. In both compounds the C2I2 ligands attain a marked increase in thermal stability by their side-one coordination to the tungsten atoms. The crystal structure of the PPh4⊕ salt was determined with X-ray diffraction data (3879 observed reflexions, R = 0.050). PPh4[WCl5(C2I2)] · 0.5 CH2Cl2 crystallizes in the space group P21/n with 8 formula units per unit cell. The lattice constants are a = 1723.0, b = 1681.2, c = 2214.6 pm and β = 94.38°. There are two crystallographically independent [WCl5(C2I2)]? ions which differ only slightly from one another. The C2I2 ligand has a staggered arrangement relative to the W? Cl groups, with C? C bond lengths of 127 pm. The infrared spectra are discussed. 相似文献
188.
Lo Gorton Arne Torstensson Hans Jaegfeldt Gillis Johansson 《Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry》1984,161(1):103-120
Meldola Blue (7-dimethylamino-1,2-benzophenoxazine) can be adsorbed on graphite to give chemically modified electrodes. The electrochemical redox reactions of the phenoxazine are fairly reversible at low coverages with an E′o of ?175 mV vs. SCE at pH 7.0. The electrode was most stable in acid solutions, at pH 6.0 its electrochemical activity decreased by 15% during 2h. The adsorbed compound mediated electron transfer in the electrocatalytic oxidation of the nicotinamide coenzymes (NADH and NADPH). The formation of a charge transfer complex between Meldola Blue and the coenzyme is demonstrated by experiments with a rotating disk electrode. The complex decomposes in a rate limiting step (k+2=30 s?1) to the oxidized coenzyme and the reduced Meldola Blue. The latter can be reoxidized in a fast electrochemical step. The overall result is an electrocatalytic oxidation at a voltage which is about 500 mV lower than at an unmodified electrode. 相似文献
189.
Matthias Treu Christian Hametner Johannes Frohlich Ulrich Jordis Kurt Mereiter 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》2002,39(6):1283-1288
The synthesis of a novel unnatural carbocyclic analog of the acetylcholine esterase inhibitor galanthamine with a K3[Fe(CN)6] promoted oxidative tandem cyclization as the key step is reported. 相似文献
190.
S Andersson-Engels J Johansson K Svanberg S Svanberg 《Photochemistry and photobiology》1991,53(6):807-814
The possibilities of using laser-induced fluorescence for tissue diagnostics are discussed. The tissue types investigated are malignant tumors and atherosclerotic lesions. Studies with natural autofluorescence as well as with fluorescent tumor markers are included in this paper. Fluorescence emission and decay data are presented for some tissue chromophores contributing to tissue autofluorescence. Optical spectroscopic characteristics of fluorescent malignant tumor markers are analyzed and instrumental designs for clinical applications are discussed. Images recorded with a multicolor fluorescence imaging system developed in Lund are presented. 相似文献