A novel confocal optical pulse stretcher for laser pulses

We present an analytical and experimental study of a novel confocal optical pulse stretcher (COPS). The simple and passive pulse stretcher consists of two concave mirrors and a scraper beam-splitter and its optical configuration ensures a perfect spatial overlapping of laser pulses at the beam-splitter. The pulse stretcher is compact and suitable for laser pulses of large divergences. The confocal optical pulse stretcher is demonstrated on a pulsed copper vapour laser to convert a 40 ns (1/e² % points) pulse into a 55 ns with reduction of peak power by a factor of 1.375 without loss of pulse energy.     

Synthesis of disaccharides related to the mycobacterial arabinogalactan

Several novel glycofuranoses disaccharides related to mycobacterial cell wall polysaccharides were synthesized regio- and stereoselectively using 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-arabinofuranosyl trichloroacetimidate as a glycosyl donor.     

-split Galois representations are potentially abelian

In this note we relate the property of a semisimple -adic Galois representation being ``-split' to its having abelian image.

     

Pseudo-atoms, atoms and a Jordan type decomposition in effect algebras

The aim of this paper is to introduce and investigate the concept of pseudo-atoms of a real-valued function m defined on an effect algebra L; a few examples of pseudo-atoms and atoms are given in the context of null-additive, null-null-additive and pseudo-null-additive functions and also, some fundamental results for pseudo-atoms under the assumption of null-null-additivity are established. The notions of total variation |m|, positive variation m⁺ and negative variation m⁻ of a real-valued function m on L are studied elaborately and it is proved for a modular measure m (which is of bounded total variation) defined on a D-lattice L that, m is pseudo-atomic (or atomic) if and only if its total variation |m| is pseudo-atomic (or atomic). Finally, a Jordan type decomposition theorem for an extended real-valued function m of bounded total variation defined on an effect algebra L is proved and some properties on decomposed parts of m such as continuity from below, pseudo-atomicity (or atomicity) and being measure, are discussed. A characterization for the function m to be of bounded total variation is established here and used in proving above-mentioned Jordan type decomposition theorem.     

On the chemical synthesis of titanium nanoparticles from ionic liquids

Abstract  

We report on attempts towards the synthesis of titanium nanoparticles using a wet chemical approach in imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) under reducing conditions. Transmission electron microscopy finds nanoparticles in all cases. UV/Vis spectroscopy confirms the nanoparticulate nature of the precipitate, as in all cases an absorption band between ca. 280 and 300 nm is visible. IR spectroscopy shows that even after extensive washing and drying, some IL remains adsorbed on the nanoparticles. Raman spectroscopy suggests the formation of anatase nanoparticles, but X-ray diffraction reveals that, possibly, amorphous titania forms or that the nanoparticles are so small that a clear structure assignment is not possible. The report thus shows that (possibly amorphous) titanium oxides even form under reducing conditions and that the chemical synthesis of titanium nanoparticles in ILs remains elusive.     

Dielectric relaxation in polyvinylidenefluoride–polysulfone blends

Dielectric properties of polymer blend of polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) and polysulfone (PSF) of different wt. % have been studied to understand the molecular motion and their relaxation behavior in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 10 kHz at different temperatures between 30 and 190 °C. The dielectric constant of the blend decreased with frequency and increased with the increasing temperature and PSF content in the blend. The magnitude of dielectric loss also increased with increase in temperature and PSF content. The observed characteristic has been consistently explained in terms of dipolar motions and the plasticization effect brought about by blending of PSF with PVDF. At constant frequency and temperature, the blend follows a linear relationship between logarithm of their dielectric constant and different ratios of blend. The appearance of a peak for each concentration in dielectric loss suggests the presence of relaxing dipoles in the blend. In addition of PSF with PVDF, the peak shifts toward higher frequency side suggesting the speed up the relaxation process. AC dielectric data is also combined with thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) data which is generally studied for low-frequency dielectric properties of polymers blends so as to produce the results in a wide frequency range. The glass transition temperature (T_g) of the blend was studied by differential scanning calorimetric technique (DSC), the T_g was compared and correlated with TSDC peak. The blend samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the formation of blend and micro structural properties of the materials. The shifting of peak toward lower diffraction angle side confirms the reduction in particle size with increasing amorphous content in the blend.     

Bivariate Gonarov polynomials and integer sequences

Univariate Gonarov polynomials arose from the Gonarov interpolation problem in numerical analysis.They provide a natural basis of polynomials for working with u-parking functions,which are integer sequences whose order statistics are bounded by a given sequence u.In this paper,we study multivariate Gonarov polynomials,which form a basis of solutions for multivariate Gonarov interpolation problem.We present algebraic and analytic properties of multivariate Gonarov polynomials and establish a combinatorial relation with integer sequences.Explicitly,we prove that multivariate Gonarov polynomials enumerate k-tuples of integers sequences whose order statistics are bounded by certain weights along lattice paths in Nk.It leads to a higher-dimensional generalization of parking functions,for which many enumerative results can be derived from the theory of multivariate Gonarov polynomials.     

Thermal,IR, cation exchange and adsorption studies of new synthetic zeolite (Deolite)

Cadmium(II) and Pb(II) ions replace the sodium(I) ion in commercial molecular sieve deolite. These exchanged derivatives have been interacted with adsorbates like CO₂ and NH₃ and the new exchanged and adsorbed derivatives characterized by their TG and IR spectral data. It is concluded that deolite can be effectively employed for removal of hazardous Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions as well as the gaseous adsorbates.     

Multiplicities of mod p Galois representations

We study the multiplicity with which 2-dimensional mod p Galois representations occur in Jacobians of modular curves. Received: 26 February 1997 / Revised version: 2 July 1997     

Pregnane and pregnane tetraglycoside from Marsdenia roylei

Pregnane oligoglycoside, namely roylinine, and a pregnane derivative, namely marsgenin, have been isolated from chloroform-soluble extract of dried stem of Marsdenia roylei, and their structures were determined using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY and FABMS spectral techniques as well as chemical degradation and derivatisation.