Thiaozonide formation by singlet oxygen cycloaddition to 2,5-dimethylthiophene

Singlet oxygen reacts with 2,5-dimethylthiophene (1) exclusively by (4+2)-cycloaddition to yield the thiaozonide 2. The structure of this product is inferred from its ¹H- and ¹³C NMR spectra. Neat thiaozonide 2 decomposes violently at room temperature. In aprotic non-polar and in protic polar solvents it is slowly transformed into cis-sulfine 3c and cis-2,5-dione 4c, which rearranges to the trans-isomer 4t. A mechanism for the transformation reaction is proposed.     

13C NMR of carbonyl compounds. 3. Structure and dynamics of protonated enones and dienones

The unsaturated ketones $\text{1}$1 – $\text{10}$10 were protonated at low temperatures and studied by dynamic ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Four interconverting stereoisomers were detected which differ in their conformation with respect to the CO and CC (enone) single bond.     

Hormone receptors.

Hormone receptors are proteins located on the cell membrane or in the cell cytoplasm. Their function is to recognize and bind the respective hormone; the biological action of the hormone originates from the hormone-receptor complex. Specific receptors have been found for all known hormones. Monitoring the equilibration between hormone, receptor, and hormone-receptor complex (“determination of receptor binding”) permits quantitative determinations of hormones, allows the characterization of endocrinal disturbances, and contributes to the elucidation of structure-affinity relationships.     

Strikte Konvergenz in Banachräumen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Pictorial representation of three-dimensional electron distributions through a perspective view of contour diagrams in a set of parallel planes

A method of graphically exhibiting detailed information about a three-dimensional electron distribution function f(x,y,z) is described. Contour lines f = constant are drawn on a set of equidistant parallel planes that intersect the distribution, and a perspective view of all contours on all planes is displayed. Representative examples are given.     

Synthesis and characterization of anti-[2.2](1,6)azulenophane

Two synthetic pathways affording $\text{anti}$-[2.2](1,6)azulenophane via fluoride induced 1,8 elimination from trimethylsilyl-tetraalkylammonium salts are described. Spectral data are reported that allow the structural assignment for the title compound.     

The Chemistry of Stable Carbenes. Part 2. Benzoin-type condensations of formaldehyde catalyzed by stable carbenes

Stable carbenes derived from thiazole, 1H-imidazole, and 4H-1,2,4-triazole are efficient catalysts for benzointype condensations of formaldehyde. Catalysts derived from N-substituted thiazolium salts trimerize formaldehyde to dihydroxyacetone ( II ). Catalysts based on 1,4-disubstituted 4H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ium salts give glycolaldehyde ( I ) as the main product and no II , whereas N,N′-disubstituted 1H-imidazol-3-ium salts yield mixtures of both products. The isolation of several intermediates in the catalytic cycle provide a better insight into the reaction mechanism.