Design of a micro-pattern structure for a three dimensionally macroporous Sn-Ni alloy anode with high areal capacity

A highly patterned porous Sn-Ni anode with various patterns was investigated as an anode for a lithium battery and showed much higher areal capacity than a conventional graphite electrode. This result proves the importance of a structured electrode for development of an electrode with higher performance.     

Detection of adulteration in acetonitrile

To address the increasing concern that acetonitrile may be intentionally adulterated to meet the shortfall in global supplies resulting from a downturn in its manufacturing, three analytical techniques were examined in this study. Gas Chromatography with Thermal Conductivity Detection (GC-TCD), Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were assessed for their ability to detect and quantify potential adulterants including water, alternative organic solvents, and by-products associated with the production of acetonitrile. The results of the assessment of the three techniques for acetonitrile adulteration testing are discussed.     

Fluorescence properties of 2-aryl substituted indoles

The fluorescence properties of 2-phenylindole, 2-naphthylindole and 2-anthracenylindole were investigated. 2-Anthracenylindole was newly synthesized by Suzuki-Miyaura's coupling. The fluorescence quantum yield of 2-phenylindole was the highest and the fluorescence emission maximum wavelength of 2-anthracenylindole was the longest. The ab initio quantum chemical calculation of the 2-anthracenylindole showed that the HOMO and LUMO of 2-anthracenylindole were localized in the anthracene moiety.     

Sulfur-Containing Vinyl Monomers. XIX. Radical Polymerization of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazolyl Methacrylate

2-Mercaptobenzothiazolyl methacrylate (MBTM) was synthesized by the reaction of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and methacrylyl chloride in tetrahydrofuran at -18°C. MBTM was found to polymerize in the presence of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), n-BuLi, and UV light. From the kinetic studies of radical polymerization of MBTM with AIBN in benzene at 60°C, the overall activation energy was determined to be 18.9 kcal/mole, and the rate of polymerization (R) was expressed as R_p = k[AIBN]^0.5 [MBTM], where k is the overall polymerization rate constant. From these results this polymerization was confirmed to proceed via an ordinary radical mechanism. This monomer (M₂) was also copolymerized radically with styrene (M₁) at 60°C, and the resulting copolymerization parameters were determined as r₁ = 0.042, r₂ = 0.20, Q₂ = 4.09, and e₂ = 1.39. The thermal stability and the photodegradation behavior of the polymers were examined, and they were compared with those of the related polymers.     

Convenient Synthesis and Free-Radical Copolymerization of p-Chloromethylstyrene

p-Chloromethylstyrene, a useful monomer for a starting material in preparation of functional polymers, is conveniently synthesized by the chloromethylation of 2-phenyl-ethyl bromide followed by dehydrobromination. This procedure is simpler and the yield is higher than those of methods previously described. Radical copolymerizations of this compound with styrene and methyl methacrylate were studied at 60°C. From the copolymerization with styrene, Q and e values for p-chloromethylstyrene were calculated as Q = 1.13 and e = ?0.58. Similarly, the copolymerization parameters with methyl methacrylate were obtained as Q = 1.16 and e = ?0.69.     

Application of Benzoyl-substituted Hemithioindigo as a Molecular Switch in Porphyrin-Quinone Recognition

The benzoyl-substituted hemithioindigo 1 with Z-configuration was obtained as the sole product from the reaction of 7-ethylbenzo[b]thiophen-3(2H)-one with phenylglyoxal. Irradiation of 1 produced the [2+4] cycloadduct 2, instead of the usual Z ? E isomerization product. The cycloadduct 2 is completely dissociated back to 1 on heating; the interconversion between 1 and 2 shows good repeatability. This reversible property is applied to the molecular switch in the hydrogen-bonded quinone recognition of the 5,15-cis-bis(ureidophenyl)porphyrin 3. resulting in the release of     

Mössbauer studies of Jarosite, Mikasaite and Yavapaiite, and implication to their Martian counterparts

In order to confirm Mössbauer spectra of Jarosite, unidentified Fe³⁺ species (Fe3D3) and Fe₂O₃ found on Martian surface, some Jarosite specimens produced on Earth were characterized by ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. For comparison, anhydrous ferric sulfate minerals, Mikasaite (Fe³⁺ _1.56Al_0.44)(SO₄)₃, and Yavapaiite, KFe (SO₄)₂ were also measured. The thermal decomposition products of Jarosite and their hydration products were also traced by scattering Mössbauer spectra (CEMS and XMS). These data are useful for the identification of hydrous and anhydrous ferric sulfate phases on Mars, including Fe3D3.     

Asymmetric conjugate addition reaction using pyrazole derivatives as a chiral catalyst

The conjugate addition of Grignard reagent ( 2 ) onto 1‐α,β‐unsaturated)acyl 3,5‐dimethylpyrazole ( 1 ) was enantioselectively catalyzed by the copper complex from cuprous compounds and 3‐phenyl‐l‐mentho‐pyrazole ( 3 ).     

A mild procedure for the oxidative cleavage of substituted indoles catalyzed by plant cell cultures

We have developed a novel procedure for the oxidative cleavage of indole carbon double bonds in the presence of H₂O₂ using plant cell cultures as a catalytic system. The oxidative procedure has some advantages, such as mild reactions, good yields, easy work-up and safety.     

Synthesis,isolation, and characterization of polytitanasiloxanes and zirconasiloxanes by the hydrolytic cocondensation of tetraethoxysilane and titanium or zirconium tetraisopropoxide

Polytitanasiloxanes and polyzirconasiloxanes were synthesized through the hydrolytic cocondensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and tetraisopropoxytitanium (TPT) or tetraisopropoxyzirconium (TPZ) 2‐propanol adduct (process A) and through the reaction of partially hydrolyzed TEOS with TPT or TPZ (process B) and were isolated as acetylacetonato derivatives stable against self‐condensation. In both processes, acetylacetone was added to provide acetylacetonato derivatives of polytitanasiloxanes and polyzirconasiloxanes. In process A, titanium‐ or zirconium‐rich polymetallasiloxanes were formed during the initial stage of the process, whereas the molar ratio of silicon to titanium or zirconium was gradually increased up to almost unity with an increasing reaction time. In process B, the molar ratio gradually increased below and above unity as the molar ratio of water to TEOS increased. When the acetylacetonato derivatives of polymetallasiloxanes were subjected to heat treatment, the titania or zirconia component was crystallized. The crystallization temperature increased as the silica content and the molar ratio of water to TEOS increased, and this demonstrated that the crystallization was dependent on the sequence in the main chain of the polymetallasiloxanes. The ²⁹Si NMR spectra of the polymetallasiloxanes led to the idea that the backbone metallasiloxane linkages consisted of random and block sequences for processes A and B, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 763–772, 2005