Entelon® (Vitis vinifera Seed Extract) Prevents Cancer Metastasis via the Downregulation of Interleukin-1 Alpha in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

Interleukin-1 (IL1) is a proinflammatory cytokine and promotes cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness in a diversity of cancers, such as breast and colon cancer. Here, we focused on the pharmacological effect of Entelon^® (ETL) on the tumorigenesis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells by IL1-alpha (IL1A). IL1A enhanced the cell growth and invasiveness of TNBC cells. We observed that abnormal IL1A induction is related with the poor prognosis of TNBC patients. IL1A also increased a variety of chemokines such as CCL2 and IL8. Interestingly, IL1A expression was reduced by the ETL treatment. Here, we found that ETL significantly decreased the MEK/ERK signaling pathway in TNBC cells. IL1A expression was reduced by UO126. Lastly, we studied the effect of ETL on the metastatic potential of TNBC cells. Our results showed that ETL significantly reduced the lung metastasis of TNBC cells. Our results showed that IL1A expression was regulated by the MEK/ERK- and PI3K/AKT-dependent pathway. Taken together, ETL inhibited the MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and suppressing the lung metastasis of TNBC cells through downregulation of IL1A. Therefore, we propose the possibility of ETL as an effective adjuvant for treating TNBC.     

Parallel sequential Monte Carlo samplers and estimation of the number of states in a Hidden Markov Model

The majority of modelling and inference regarding Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) assumes that the number of underlying states is known a priori. However, this is often not the case and thus determining the appropriate number of underlying states for a HMM is of considerable interest. This paper proposes the use of a parallel sequential Monte Carlo samplers framework to approximate the posterior distribution of the number of states. This requires no additional computational effort if approximating parameter posteriors conditioned on the number of states is also necessary. The proposed strategy is evaluated on a comprehensive set of simulated data and shown to outperform the state of the art in this area: although the approach is simple, it provides good performance by fully exploiting the particular structure of the problem. An application to business cycle analysis is also presented.     

Binding Numbers and Connected Factors

In this paper, we obtain some sufficient conditions based on binding number for a graph to have a connected factor with degree restrictions. Let α and k be positive integers with α + k ≥ 4. Let G be a connected graph with a spanning subgraph F, each component of which has order at least α. We show that if the binding number of G is greater than (α k − α)/(α k − α −1) (k ≥ 2) and α/(α −2) (k = 1) then G has a connected subgraph which has F and in which every vertex v has degree at most deg _F (v) + k. From the result, we derive various sufficient conditions for a graph to have a connected [a, b]-factor.     

Entanglement entropy and Page curve of black holes with island in massive gravity

The European Physical Journal C - Primordial black holes (PBHs) are convenient candidates to explain the elusive dark matter (DM). However, years of constraints from various astronomical...     

Fluctuations of N-particle quantum dynamics around the nonlinear Schrödinger equation

We consider a system of N bosons interacting through a singular two-body potential scaling with N and having the form $N^{3\beta ?1}V(N^{\beta }x)$, for an arbitrary parameter $\beta \in (0,1)$. We provide a norm-approximation for the many-body evolution of initial data exhibiting Bose–Einstein condensation in terms of a cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation for the condensate wave function and of a unitary Fock space evolution with a generator quadratic in creation and annihilation operators for the fluctuations.