Quantum corrections to electro-weak form factors of nucleons in the skyrme model

We calculate0(1/N) corrections to electro-weak currents of nucléons in the Skyrme model. In contrast with the corresponding correction to the Skyrmion mass, these corrections are negligibly small.     

A simple electro-optical Kerr cell for conducting liquids with low Kerr constant

Thanks are due to the Principal of the Government College, Ajmer, for providing facilities for this work.     

Histological evaluation of damage in cat cochleas used for measurement of basilar membrane mechanics

Cochleas utilized in basilar membrane vibration measurements were examined histologically using an epon-embedded surface preparation technique. The amount of damage observed at both the apical and basal ends of the cochleas was variable. The apical damage was probably caused by large, low-frequency movements of the basilar membrane. The basal damage was due to trauma produced directly by the surgical and experimental procedure. The sharpness of turning observed in the basilar membrane frequency response was found to be inversely related to the extent of histological damage.     

Structure factor of Bose fluid

The structure factor which is a measure of the correlation between the positions of the atoms in a fluid is calculated for a Bose fluid. Its dependence on the propagation vectork is obtained in an effort to obtain a formula that may be valid for all values ofk.One of the authors (K. M. K.) is thankful to Professor Abdus Salam and the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, for hospitality when the above work was initiated.     

Memory effects in polymers. V. Processing history versus thermally induced self-orientation of unoriented poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) films

A peculiar phenomenon is reported whereby a melt-extruded, low-crystallinity, unoriented film of poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) upon unconstrained thermal treatment, self-extends in the machine direction (MD) while shrinking along the transverse (TD) and normal/thickness (ND) directions. In addition to the expected increase in crystallinity, the annealing process leads to an unexpected development of crystalline orientation along the MD. This phenomenon is an example of “processing-induced memory effects” since it depends on the processing history of the starting film, e.g., melt-extrusion leads to the subject behavior whereas compression molding does not. We must mention that the melt-extruded films of poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) are isotropic to start with, that is, MD and TD are indistinguishable prior to the annealing process. Furthermore, this phenomenon has not been observed for any other semicrystalline polymer and is believed to be the first citation for poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) since its commercialization in 1957. Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is the analytical technique that led to this novel phenomenon which was later substantiated by x-ray diffraction (XRD). ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Specification of the acoustical input to the ear at high frequencies

The sound fields that arise in the auditory canals of cats have been examined both experimentally and theoretically. Of particular interest was the spatial variation of sound pressure near the eardrum, where reference probes are typically located. Using a computer controlled data acquisition system, sound pressure was measured between 100 Hz and 33 kHz for constant driver input at 14 different locations in the ear canal of a cat, and the standing wave patterns formed. The shape of the patterns could be predicted quite well above 12 kHz using a theory that requires specification of only the geometry of the ear canal. This theory, an extension of the one-dimensional horn equation, applies to three-dimensional, rigid-walled tubes that have both variable cross section and curvature along their lengths. Large variations of sound pressure along the ear canal and over the surface of the eardrum are found above about 10 kHz. As a consequence it is not possible to define the acoustical input to the ear from sound pressure level measured at any single location. Even in comparative experiments, in which only the constancy of the acoustical input is important, any uncertainty in reference probe location would lead to an uncertainty in sound pressure level when different sets of measurements are compared. This error, calculated for various probe locations and frequencies, is especially large when the probe is near a minimum of the sound field. Spatial variations in pressure can also introduce anomalous features into the measured frequency response of other auditory quantities when eardrum sound pressure is used as a reference. This is illustrated with measurements of the round window cochlear microphonic.