Radiation of a scalar particle in the field of two oppositely directed electromagnetic travelling waves

The radiation of a charged spinless particle in a field of two linearly polarized, oppositely directed electromagnetic travelling waves is treated in the small-field approximation. Equations are derived for the radiation probability, and the polarization properties of the radiation are studied.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii Fizika, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 69–73, January, 1969.The authors thank Professor I. M. Ternov for interest in this study and useful discussions.     

Emission by electrons in an undulator

Classical-theory methods are applied to the emission from an electron moving in an ideal undulator of infinite length with piecewise-homogeneous magnetic field. The spectral and angular distributions of the radiation are deduced together with the polarization and total power.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 10, pp. 50–54, October, 1973.     

Remarkable enhancement of reactivity of carbonyl compounds for polymerizations with non-activated aromatic hydrocarbons

Reaction of carbonyl compounds bearing electron-withdrawing substituents with non-activated aromatic hydrocarbons proceeds selectively in trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFSA) at room temperature to give linear, high-molecular-weight polymers.     

Ozonolysis of Alkenes and Studies of Reactions of Polyfunctional Compounds: LXV. Ozonolysis of Perfluoro-1-octene in Freon-113

Ozonization of perfluoro-1-octene in Freon-113 yields the corresponding ozonide whose catalytic hydrogenation over Pd/C or hydride reduction leads to formation of perfluoroheptanoic acid; the reduction with lithium aluminum hydride gives 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-1-heptanol. Ozonization of perfluoro-1-octene in Freon-113 containing excess (3 equiv) alcohol affords the corresponding perfluoroheptanoic acid ester.     

Identification and Biological Activity of Volatile Organic Compounds Isolated from Plants and Insects. III. Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of Volatile Compounds of Aegopodium podagraria

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified more than 20 volatile organic compounds isolated from leaves and flowers ofAegopodium podagrariaL.     

The first synthesis of spirocyclopentyl derivatives of lupane triterpenoids by radical nitrocyclization of C-2-diallyl substituted betulonates

Radical cyclization of the 1,6-hexadiene moiety in 2,2-diallyl substituted methyl or benzyl dihydrobetulonates initiated by Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O in the presence of FeCl₃ or LiCl gave hitherto unknown spirocyclic compounds in which ring A of the lupane triterpenoid at position C-2 is spiro coupled with a vicinally substituted nitromethyl- and chloromethylcyclopentane. Based on a quantum-chemical assessment of the energy characteristics of this reaction, the most probable configurations of the chiral atoms in the spirocyclopentane ring were determined for the major diastereomers isolated in individual form.     

Postbuckling Analysis of Flexible Elastic Frames

completely geometrically nonlinear beam model based on the hypothesis of plane sections and expressed in terms of engineering strains and apparent stresses is applied to the structural analysis of frames. The numerical results are obtained by the Raley–Ritz method with a representation of solutions as a sum of analytical basis functions which were previously proposed by the authors. The convergence of approximate solutions is investigated. High degree of accuracy is demonstrated for both determination of the solution components and the fulfillment of equilibrium equations. It is shown that the limit values of external loads can substantially differ from those predicted by the Euler buckling analysis, which may lead to catastrophic consequences in designing thin-walled structures.     

A short way to invert configuration of the 2,3-hydroxy groups in ecdysteroids

3-epi-2-Dehydro-20-hydroxyecdysone and its 20,22-acetonide were reduced with lithium tris(secbutyl) hydridoborate selectively at the 2-oxo group with formation of 2β,3β-dihydroxy derivatives and the corresponding 2α,3α epimers which were separated by chromatography.