Stereocontrolled synthesis and determination of the c-24 and 25 stereochemistry of glaucasterol

(24S,25S)- and (24R,25R)-24,26-Cyclocholesta-5,22E-dien-3β-ols (1a and 1b) were synthesized stereoselectively. Their ₁H NMR comparison with natural glaucasterol (1) allowed to conclude that 1 possesses 24S,25S stereochemistry.     

Substituent effects on the stability of copper(II) chelates with some Neville Winter's azo dyes

The effect of substituents on the stability of the complexes formed by reaction of Neville Winter's acid para-substituted azo dyes (p-chloro, methoxy, nitro, and sulfonic) is studied. Log K values for the complexes were determined spectrophotometrically. The p-methoxy and p-chloro chelates exhibited maximum and minimum stabilities, respectively, the methoxy group being electron repelling and chlorine electron withdrawing. Calculations applying Hammett and linear free energy equations indicate that copper in these chelates acts as a π-electron accepter and that such chelates exhibit coplanarity.     

Measurements of fully developed turbulent flow in a trapezoidal duct

The turbulence characteristics of fully developed isothermal air flows through a symmetric trapezoidal duct were examined experimentally using Pitot tube and hot-wire anemometry over a Reynolds number range of 3.7–11.6×10⁴. The measurements included local wall shear stress and the cross-sectional distributions of mean axial velocity, secondary velocities and Reynolds stresses. Four secondary flow cells were detected in a symmetric half of the duct. Although secondary velocity components were typically less than about 1% of the bulk axial velocity, their effect was especially pronounced on the distributions of turbulent kinetic energy and local wall shear stress.List of symbols a, b, c, d trapezoidal duct dimensions (Fig. 1) - A, B coefficients in log law (Table 1) - D _h equivalent hydraulic diameter - f Darcy friction factor, (2D _h /U _b ² ) (dP/dx) - k turbulent kinetic energy per unit mass, - k ⁺ dimensionless turbulent kinetic energy, k/( ^*)² - P static pressure - Re Reynolds number, U _b D _h / - s distance along inclined wall, measured from top corner (Fig. 1) - u, v, w fluctuating components of the velocities in the x, y, z directions - u ⁺, v ⁺, w ⁺ dimensionless turbulence intensities; u ²/ ^*, v ²/ ^*, w ²/ ^* - u ^* local friction velocity, ( _w /)^1/2 - ^* average friction velocity, (¯gt/)^1/2 - axial mean velocity (time-average) - U _b average mean axial velocity - U _sec resultant of ¯V and ¯W, (¯V ²+¯ ²)^1/2 - U ⁺ dimensionless velocity, /u ^* - ¯V, ¯W mean velocities in the y, z directions (secondary velocities) - x axial direction - y, 2 horizontal and vertical directions (Fig. 1) - z ⁺ dimensionless distance from (and normal to) a wall, zu ^*/v - distance from wall (at y=0) to location of maximum axial velocity - laminar dynamic viscosity - v kinematic viscosity - air density - _w local wall shear stress - ¯ _w average of local wall shear stresses over all walls - ¯ average wall shear stress, (dP/dx) (D _h /4) - corner angle of trapezoidal duct (Fig. 1) A version of this paper was presented at the 10th Symposium on Turbulence, University of Missouri-Rolla, Sept. 22–24, 1986     

Synthesis and reactions of novel pyridine-bridged-2,6-bis-carboxamide hydrazones

A number of new hydrazones bearing pyridine-2,6-bis-carboxamides were synthesized and elucidated by spectral and elemental analysis. 2,6-Bis-carboxamide pyridine hydrazide was treated with various active carbonyl compounds containing formyl or methanoyl groups to give hydrazones and Schiff bases.     

Synthesis of some novel S-alkylated and S-glycosylated hydantoin derivatives containing pyrene moiety

3-Aryl-5-[(Z)-pyrenylmethylene]-2-alkylthiohydantoins and 3-Aryl-5-[(Z)-pyrenylmethylene]-2-(D-glycosyl)-2-thiohydantoins functionalized with different aromatic and glycoside substituents have been synthesized by the reaction of (Z)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-[(pyren-8-yl)methylene]-2-thiohydantoin with alkyl halides, cyclic and acyclic nucleosides via various routes with moderate to good yields and characterized by ¹H, ¹³C NMR and mass spectra and elemental analysis     

Synthesis and characterization of new acyclic nucleosides analogues derived from 2-phenyl quinoline candidates

Reaction of 4-substituted quinoline hydrazide with some aldohexoses and aldopentoses gave a series of new N-β-glycosides. The following cyclization of N-β-glycosides with acetic anhydride led to O-acetyl-[5-(2-phenylquinolin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-D-glycosides. Structure of the newly synthesized products was elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods.     

Microbial metabolism of biologically active secondary metabolites from Nerium oleander L

Ursolic acid (1) and kaempferol (3) are two major constituents of the Mediterranean plant Nerium oleander L. Microbial metabolism of (1) with Aspergillus flavus (ATCC 9170) resulted in the formation of 3-oxo-ursolic acid derivative, ursonic acid (2). On the other hand, Cunninghamella blakesleeana (ATCC 8688A) was able to convert (3) into kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4) as well as the new natural product kaempferol 4'-sulfate (5). Incubation of kaempferol with Mucor ramannianus (ATCC 9628) led to the isolation of one metabolite identified as kaempferol 4'-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (6). Transformation of kaempferol to the new compound kaempferol 7-O-beta-D-4-O-methylglucopyranoside (7) and herbacetin 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8) was observed after fermentation with Beauveria bassiana (ATCC 13144). Cytotoxic as well as antioxidant activities of the isolated metabolites were determined.     

The use of the molybdenum electrode as indicator for hydrogen ions

The molybdenum clectiode is found to act as a suitable means for the determination of the hydrogen ion concent-ration. Polished electrodes in aerated solutions give potentials which do not vary appreciably with time. The potential measured in solutions of different H⁺-ion activity is a function of pH from 2–11. pKa values determined from neutralization curves of some acids are not much different from those obtained by other authors, using different methods. Polished or aged electrodes in aerated or oxygen-free solutions could be used satisfactorily for determining tlie end-points in neutralization reactions.     

Synthesis and characterization of some novel substituted pyridones and iminopyridines derived from pyrene moiety

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - Two series with the general formula of 4,6-diaryl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitriles and their isosteric...     

Ammonium formate-based one-pot reductive Heck reactions for the construction of cyclic sulfonamides

A modified method is reported for the conversion of unsaturated sulfonamides into their cyclic saturated counterparts. This method utilises a single palladium catalyst for an intramolecular Heck reaction and subsequent transfer hydrogenation, which is achieved in one-pot following the addition of ammonium formate. Accordingly, a range of fourteen structural variations are reported and under optimal conditions the adducts were generated in typically good to excellent yields. Notably, discrimination of differentially substituted dienes can be accomplished in the case of compounds 28 and 29 and the process was only observed to fail with the more sterically hindered precursor 32.