全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4515篇 |
免费 | 196篇 |
国内免费 | 33篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 3375篇 |
晶体学 | 24篇 |
力学 | 132篇 |
数学 | 563篇 |
物理学 | 650篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 38篇 |
2022年 | 59篇 |
2021年 | 81篇 |
2020年 | 102篇 |
2019年 | 103篇 |
2018年 | 77篇 |
2017年 | 59篇 |
2016年 | 147篇 |
2015年 | 127篇 |
2014年 | 165篇 |
2013年 | 233篇 |
2012年 | 307篇 |
2011年 | 385篇 |
2010年 | 170篇 |
2009年 | 133篇 |
2008年 | 338篇 |
2007年 | 325篇 |
2006年 | 314篇 |
2005年 | 263篇 |
2004年 | 222篇 |
2003年 | 196篇 |
2002年 | 169篇 |
2001年 | 39篇 |
2000年 | 40篇 |
1999年 | 37篇 |
1998年 | 37篇 |
1997年 | 44篇 |
1996年 | 58篇 |
1995年 | 31篇 |
1994年 | 29篇 |
1993年 | 26篇 |
1992年 | 26篇 |
1991年 | 26篇 |
1990年 | 28篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 28篇 |
1984年 | 28篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 17篇 |
1980年 | 21篇 |
1979年 | 18篇 |
1978年 | 19篇 |
1977年 | 20篇 |
1976年 | 18篇 |
1975年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 13篇 |
排序方式: 共有4744条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
John J. Goodell Christine M. Egnatuk Stephen W. Padgett Corey C. Keith Todd A. Bredeweg Norris K. Harward Bryan B. Bandong Kevin E. Roberts Alice C. Mignerey 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2018,316(2):475-483
Theoretical activation calculations for Fe, Ni, and stainless steel foils were compared against irradiated foil measurements from a critical assembly. Calculated/experiment values spanning 0.62–1.31 showed that the restricted approach used here is insufficient for experiment planning, with the collapsed cross-section being the primary source of error. The effect of decay time on gamma-ray spectroscopy measurement reliability was investigated using a Monte Carlo HPGe detector model. Simulations showed no correlation with decay time, absent interferences. Specific interferences for Fe-59 (Ni) and Co-60 (stainless steel) activation product ratios suggested optimal measurement windows having respective decay times of 9–11 days and 4–7 days. 相似文献
92.
Elsa Gorre Cathy Muste Kevin G. Owens 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2018,29(11):2248-2259
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) is now accepted as a quick, easy-to-use, cost-effective, and accurate technique for the identification of microorganisms. However, the successful identification of microorganisms is dependent upon careful attention to factors such as growth conditions, extraction methods, mass spectral data collection, and data analysis procedures. Currently, most microorganism identification has been limited to the species level, and only a limited number of publications have been successful in achieving strain-level identification. In this work, a “cell-free” approach is introduced where peptide analytes secreted by several Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains during their growth period are analyzed. The analysis of the cell supernatant generates mass spectral patterns that are specific to each strain. The patterns generated in combination with a robust data analysis workflow using the open-source programs MALDIquant and Mass-Up allows for strain-level identification of S. cerevisiae. The cell-free approach using the yeast supernatant to accurately identify yeast strains is presented here as a proof of concept. 相似文献
93.
Hiren Solanki Carlos Angulo-Preckler Kevin Calabro Navdeep Kaur Perrine Lasserre Bastien Cautain Mercedes de la Cruz Fernando Reyes Conxita Avila Olivier P. Thomas 《Tetrahedron letters》2018,59(36):3353-3356
Following ecological and chemical screenings, the Antarctic sponge Phorbas areolatus was chemically investigated for the first time. Three new suberitane derivatives named isosuberitenone B, 19-episuberitenone B, and isoxaspirosuberitenone were identified together with the known compounds suberitenones A and B, and oxaspirosuberitenone after a thorough inspection of their NMR data. These compounds were found to exhibit moderate cytotoxic activity and their presence in this sponge rules out their use as a chemotaxonomic marker for Suberites sponges. 相似文献
94.
Kevin F. Morris Eugene J. Billiot Fereshteh H. Billiot Jordan A. Ingle Stephanie R. Zack Kevin B. Krause 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2018,39(1):45-54
Molecular dynamics simulations were used to characterize the binding of the chiral drugs chlorthalidone and lorazepam to the molecular micelle poly-(sodium undecyl-(L)-leucine-valine). The project’s goal was to characterize the nature of chiral recognition in capillary electrophoresis separations that use molecular micelles as the chiral selector. The shapes and charge distributions of the chiral molecules investigated, their orientations within the molecular micelle chiral binding pockets, and the formation of stereoselective intermolecular hydrogen bonds with the molecular micelle were all found to play key roles in determining where and how lorazepam and chlorthalidone enantiomers interacted with the molecular micelle. 相似文献
95.
Juan Chen Stepan Stepanovic Dr. Apparao Draksharapu Prof. Dr. Maja Gruden Prof. Dr. Wesley R. Browne 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(12):3207-3211
Non‐heme (L)FeIII and (L)FeIII‐O‐FeIII(L) complexes (L=1,1‐di(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐N,N‐bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)ethan‐1‐amine) underwent reduction under irradiation to the FeII state with concomitant oxidation of methanol to methanal, without the need for a secondary photosensitizer. Spectroscopic and DFT studies support a mechanism in which irradiation results in charge‐transfer excitation of a FeIII?μ‐O?FeIII complex to generate [(L)FeIV=O]2+ (observed transiently during irradiation in acetonitrile), and an equivalent of (L)FeII. Under aerobic conditions, irradiation accelerates reoxidation from the FeII to the FeIII state with O2, thus closing the cycle of methanol oxidation to methanal. 相似文献
96.
Aoife M. Foley Declan P. Gavin Rebecca E. Deasy Sinéad E. Milner Thomas S. Moody Kevin S. Eccles Simon E. Lawrence Anita R. Maguire 《Tetrahedron》2018,74(13):1435-1443
Efforts to combine the intramolecular nitroaldol reaction with lipase-catalysed resolution of the resulting nitroaldol adduct in a one-pot dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) are described. Significant challenges were encountered in the combination of the two systems. trans-2-Methyl-2-nitrocyclohexyl acetate (±)-3b was isolated in excellent enantiopurity (>98% ee) via a sequential DKR sequence where the lipase-mediated resolution and base-mediated interconversion of 2-methyl-2-nitrocyclohexanol 2 were effected alternately, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach initially. Further work showed, for the first time, evidence that a DKR-type system is possible for 2. Reaction engineering allowed the design of a sequential one-pot reaction system which furnished the products with excellent enantioselectivity, and good diastereoselectivity. 相似文献
97.
Simulation of the Adhesion of Particles to Surfaces 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The removal of micrometer and submicrometer particles from dielectric and metal films represents a challenge in postchemical mechanical polishing cleaning. Proper modeling of the adhesive force between contaminant particles and these films is needed to develop optimal solutions to postchemical mechanical polishing cleaning. We have previously developed and experimentally validated a model to describe the adhesion between spherical particles and thin films. This simulation expands previous models to characterize the adhesive interaction between asymmetrical particles, characteristic of a polishing slurry, and various films. Our simulation accounts for the contact area between particles and substrates, as well as the morphology of the surfaces. Previous models fail to accurately describe the contact of asymmetrical particles interacting with surfaces. By properly accounting for nonideal and geometry and morphology, the simulation predicts a more accurate adhesive force than predictions based upon an ideal van der Waals model. The simulation is compared to experimental data taken for both semi-ideal particle-substrate systems (polystyrene latex spheres in contact with silicon films) and asymmetrical systems (alumina particles in contact with various films). Copyright 2001 Academic Press. 相似文献
98.
Rate constants have been determined for the reactions of Cl atoms with the halogenated ethers CF3CH2OCHF2, CF3CHClOCHF2, and CF3CH2OCClF2 using a relative‐rate technique. Chlorine atoms were generated by continuous photolysis of Cl2 in a mixture containing the ether and CD4. Changes in the concentrations of these two species were measured via changes in their infrared absorption spectra observed with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Relative‐rate constants were converted to absolute values using the previously measured rate constants for the reaction, Cl + CD4 → DCl + CD3. Experiments were carried out at 295, 323, and 363 K, yielding the following Arrhenius expressions for the rate constants within this range of temperature:Cl + CF3CH2OCHF2: k = (5.15 ± 0.7) × 10−12 exp(−1830 ± 410 K/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 Cl + CF3CHClOCHF2: k = (1.6 ± 0.2) × 10−11 exp(−2450 ± 250 K/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 Cl + CF3CH2OCClF2: k = (9.6 ± 0.4) × 10−12 exp(−2390 ± 190 K/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 The results are compared with those obtained previously for the reactions of Cl atoms with other halogenated methyl ethyl ethers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 165–172, 2001 相似文献
99.
James Evans Anoop Kapitan Georgina Rosair Kevin J. Roberts Graeme White 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2001,57(3):250-251
In the title compound, Na+·H+·2C8H7O3−, the anion contains a short Speakman-type hydrogen bond [O⃛O = 2.413 (2) Å]. The anions and the Na atoms lie across twofold axes. 相似文献