Anomalous nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in copper small particles

Anomalously long nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time is expected in small metallic particles when the life time width of the conduction electron energy levels is smaller than their mean spacing. A new method for setting nuclear magnetization to zero is developed in order to measure the relaxation time in Cu small particles. The anomaly is observed in the relaxation of⁶³Cu in the particles with the diameters smaller than 100 A at temperatures below 0.5 K.     

Diversified synthetic approaches to the carbapenem antibiotics based on symmetrization-asymmetrization concept

cis-Fused bicyclic β-lactam compound 9, a key intermediate to cis-substituted carbapenem antibiotics, has been synthesized in optically pure form based on symmetrization-asymmetrization concept.     

Polyamide synthesis by the direct polycondensation with phenylphosphonic dichloride in pyridine

The direct polycondensation of isophthalic acid (IPA) and aromatic diamines with a new phosphorus compound, phenylphosphonic dichloride (PPDC), was studied. PPDC could actually react with nearly a two molar amount of carboxyl groups, but more than 75 mol % PPDC with respect to the carboxyl groups of IPA were satisfactorily used in the polycondensation. The initial reaction of IPA with PPDC in pyridine at room temperature and then at 120°C was needed to complete the activation, and the subsequent aminolysis at 120°C for 3 h was most effective. The polyamides of high inherent viscosity were obtained even from weakly basic aromatic diamines, and their values were more than those obtained by the conventional method. In their thermal properties determined by the DTA, they showed T_gs and T_ms higher than those reported before.