Simultaneous determination of uranium(IV) and thorium(IV) ions with Arsenazo III by partial least squares method

A multivariate calibration method, Partial Least Squares Type 1 (PLS-1), is proposed for simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of uranium and thorium ions as their complexes with arsenazo III in hydrochloric acid medium. Several data characteristics are taking into account in order to minimize the optimum number of factors required for the construction of calibration model, while using various statistical criterions of selection. Finally, the evaluated calibration model is satisfactorily applied to determination of these ions in samples that resemble sulfuric acid leach solution obtained from a uranium ore.     

Extension of Bernstein's theorem for polynomial maps of complex Banach spaces

Bernstein's inequality (1) will be extended to polynomial maps of arbitrary complex Banach spaces; cf. (3). We also give conditions for equality in (3). The extension of Bernstein's inequality to the case of polynomial maps of ℂ into ℂ was given byTung [4] and [5].     

Der papierchromatographische Nachweis von ε-Caprolactam neben ε-Aminocapronsäure

Zusammenfassung Die Möglichkeiten der papierchromatographischen Trennung und Identifizierung des Caprolactams neben -Aminocapronsäure wurden untersucht. Die beste Trennung beider Substanzen wurde bei Anwendung wäßrig-alkoholischer Lösungen erzielt. Caprolactam und seine Derivate wurden mit Kaliumwismutjodid identifiziert. Das mit Kaliumwismutjodidreagens gesättigte Filterpapier kann als Indikatorpapier für Caprolactam dienen. Die Empfindlichkeit dieser Reaktion liegt unter 10 g.

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Summary A study was made of the possibilities of the paper chromatographic separation and identification of caprolactam in the presence of -aminocapronic acid. The best separation of the two compounds is from water-alcohol solutions. Caprolactam and its derivatives were identified with potassium bismuth iodide. Filter paper saturated with the potassium bismuth iodide reagent can serve as indicator paper for caprolactam. The sensitivity of this reaction is below 10 g.

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Résumé Recherches sur les possibilités de séparation et d'identification par chromatographie sur papier de la caprolactame en présence de l'acide -aminocaproïque. La meilleure séparation des deux substances est réalisée par l'emploi de solutions hydroalcooliques. La caprolactame et ses dérivés sont identifiés par l'iodure de bismuth et de potassium. Du papier-filtre saturé du réactif iodure de bismuth-potassium peut être utilisé comme papier indicateur de la caprolactame. La sensibilité de cette réaction est inférieure à 10 g.

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Ich fiihle reich verpfhchtet, Herrn Professor J. Poloowicz fiir sein Interesse an meiner Arbeit zu danken.     

Simulation of a single collision of two bose-einstein condensates

We propose a method for simulating a single realization of a collision of two Bose-Einstein condensates. Recently [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 200401 (2005)], we introduced a quantum model of incoherent elastic scattering in a collision of two counterpropagating atomic Gaussian wave packets. Here we show that this model is capable of generating data that can be interpreted as results of a single collisional event. We find a range of parameters, including relative velocity, population, and the size of colliding condensates, where the structure of the halo of scattered atoms in a single realization strongly differs from that averaged over many realizations.     

Self-diffusion and density of liquid hexafluorobenzene as a function of pressure and temperature

Measurements of self-diffusion coefficients to pressures of 2000 bar? 1 bar ≡ 10⁵ N m^-2. and densities to 2600 bar, except where limited by freezing, have been made for liquid hexafluorobenzene C₆F₆ at eight temperatures from 15°C to 150°C. The N.M.R. spin echo technique was used for the self-diffusion measurements, and the densities were determined with a densitometer of the bellows-slidewire type. The density data have been fitted satisfactorily to a modified form of the Tait equation, and the self-diffusion results were reproduced by a polynominal in pressure for each isotherm.

Several models of transport in liquids were evaluated. All models depend sensitively upon a quantity ν-ν₀, the difference between the specific volume of the liquid and that of a hypothetical dense solid. The free volume model describes the data only if ν₀ is allowed to depend upon pressure. The hard sphere model failed to describe our results for C₆F₆ at temperatures above 70°C even when the effective hard sphere diameter was treated as an adjustable parameter.     

Determination of sulfur forms in wine including free and total sulfur dioxide based on molecular absorption of carbon monosulfide in the air–acetylene flame

A new method for the determination of sulfur forms in wine, i.e., free SO₂, total SO₂, bound SO₂, total S, and sulfate, is presented. The method is based on the measurement of the carbon monosulfide (CS) molecular absorption produced in a conventional air–acetylene flame using high-resolution continuum source absorption spectrometry. Individual sulfur forms can be distinguished because of the different sensitivities of the corresponding CS molecular absorption. The sensitivity of free SO₂ is about three times higher than the value for bound SO₂ and sulfate. The method makes use of procedures similar to those used in classic reference methods. Its performance is verified by analyzing six wine samples. Relative standard deviations are between 5 and 13% for free SO₂ and between 1 and 3% for total SO₂. For the validation of the accuracy of the new method, the results are compared with those of reference methods. The agreement of the values for total SO₂ with values of the classic method is satisfactory: five out of six samples show deviations less than 16%. Due to the instability of free SO₂ in wine and the known problems of the used reference method, serious deviations of the free SO₂ results are found for three samples. The evaluation of the limits of detection focuses on the value for free SO₂, which is the sulfur form having by far the lowest concentration in wine. Here, the achievable limit of detection is 1.8 mg L⁻¹. Figure Detection of non-metal elements using continuum source flame absorption spectrometry     

Some problems in metric fixed point theory

Three papers, published coincidentally and independently by Felix Browder, Dietrich G?hde, and W. A. Kirk in 1965, triggered a branch of mathematical research now called metric fixed point theory. This is a survey of some of the highlights of that theory, with a special emphasis on some of the problems that remain open. Dedicated to Felix Browder on the occasion of his 80th birthday     

Analytical Assessment of Bioelements in Various Types of Black Teas from Different Geographical Origins in View of Chemometric Approach

A comprehensive approach to the mineral composition of black teas of different origins was studied using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) method, supported by chemometric tools including Principal Component Analysis PCA) and Classification and Regression Trees (CART). Significant differences between the teas from seven countries (Japan, Nepal, Kenya, Iran, Sri Lanka, India, and China) were shown. K was the main element determined in all teas, with an average concentration of 11,649 mg/kg, followed by Ca, Mg and Mn. In general, regarding all investigated black teas, the element content was ranked in the following order: K > Ca > Mg > Mn > Fe > Na > Zn > Cu. The applied chemometric methods allowed us to recognize black tea clusters based on their mineral composition and place of cultivation, and allowed us to find correlations between particular elements in black teas. The performed analyses revealed interesting correlations between the concentration of various elements in black teas: K was negatively correlated with Na, Fe, Mn and Cu; K was positively correlated with the content of Ca and Mg. Significant positive correlations between Mn and Fe and Mn and Zn in the studied black tea samples were also revealed. It was shown that mineral composition may be a significant factor regarding the origin of the black tea, not only considering the country, but also the region or province.     

Interpretation of the results of research on tribocharging in a rotating shaft–oil–lip seal system

A rotating shaft, rotary lip seal, and oil creating a film between the surfaces of a shaft and of a lip of the seal sets up a system, which is relatively simple geometrically, but complex physically and electrochemically. Such a system is characteristic of all machinery, engines, etc. where rotating parts and seals occur. In the experiments and tests performed to date different real commercial motor oils, original base oils, additives to base oils (antiwear and extreme pressure additives), lip seals, and shafts with different roughness have been used for a range of oil temperatures and shaft angular velocities. Tribocharging in the interfacial system: rotating shaft–oil–lip seal (the friction junction) is observed and analysed. Other experiments were performed to compensate for the electric field generated in the system applying an external DC electric field and to find its effect on friction and the braking torque of the shaft. The results show that tribocharging can exert influence on the braking torque of a rotating shaft. The reduction of the braking torque under the action of an external DC electric field is also observed. The similar experiments are repeated with the use of pure base oils and additives including zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP). Tribocharging is evident in the case of pure base oils and when these are blended with ZDDP. The external DC electric field also reduces the braking torque while applying the DC voltage to the system. Here the authors try to interpret the former and last research results in their physical aspect and to answer some questions.