Demonstration of local expansion toward large-scale entangled webs

We demonstrate an optical gate that increases the size of polarization-based W states by accessing only one of the qubits. Using this gate, we have generated three-photon and four-photon W states with fidelities 0.836 ± 0.042 and 0.784 ± 0.028, respectively. We also confirmed the existence of pairwise entanglement in every pair of qubits, including the one that was left untouched by the gate. The gate is applicable to any size of W states and hence is a universal tool for expanding entanglement.     

Synthesis of a Novel Fluorescent Schiff Base as a Possible Cu(II) Ion Selective Sensor

In this study a new fluorescent Schiff base; 1,1′-(4,4′-oxybis(4,1-phenylene)bis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)dinaphthalen-2-ol (2-HNA) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis, and ¹H and ¹³C-NMR techniques. Photoluminescent properties of 2-HNA were investigated in different solvents including methanol, THF, DMF, DMSO, acetone, acetonitrile, and dichloromethane. 2-HNA was found to have higher emission intensity and Stoke’s shift value (∆λ_ST) in methanol solution. Relative emission intensity changes (I₀−I/I₀) of 2-HNA in methanol/water mixtures depending on different Cu⁺² ion concentrations were determined and a linearized plot was obtained. Possible interference of some other transition metal ions was also determined. Sensitivity limit of the new sensor was found to be higher than 5 × 10⁻⁷ mol/L. 2-HNA has quite high selectivity against Cu⁺² ion and, thus, can be used as a new fluorescence Cu⁺² ion sensor in practice.     

Leptonic decay constants of Ds and Bs mesons at finite temperature

In the present work, D _s and B _s meson parameters are investigated in the framework of thermal QCD sum rules. The temperature dependences of the mass and the leptonic decay constants are investigated by using Borel transform sum rules and Hilbert moment sum rules. To increase the sensitivity, the vacuum contributions are subtracted from the thermal expressions and the temperature dependences of the leptonic decay constants and meson masses are studied.     

Comparison of experimental data with results of some drying models for regularly shaped products

This paper presents an experimental and theoretical investigation of drying of moist slab, cylinder and spherical products to study dimensionless moisture content distributions and their comparisons. Experimental study includes the measurement of the moisture content distributions of slab and cylindrical carrot, slab and cylindrical pumpkin and spherical blueberry during drying at various temperatures (e.g., 30, 40, 50 and 60°C) at specific constant velocity (U = 1 m/s) and the relative humidity φ = 30%. In theoretical analysis, two moisture transfer models are used to determine drying process parameters (e.g., drying coefficient and lag factor) and moisture transfer parameters (e.g., moisture diffusivity and moisture transfer coefficient), and to calculate the dimensionless moisture content distributions. The calculated results are then compared with the experimental moisture data. A considerably high agreement is obtained between the calculations and experimental measurements for the cases considered. The effective diffusivity values were evaluated between 0.741 × 10⁻⁵ and 5.981 × 10⁻⁵ m²/h for slab products, 0.818 × 10⁻⁵ and 6.287 × 10⁻⁵ m²/h for cylindrical products and 1.213 × 10⁻⁷ and 7.589 × 10⁻⁷ m²/h spherical products using the Model-I and 0.316 × 10⁻⁵–5.072 × 10⁻⁵ m²/h for slab products, 0.580 × 10⁻⁵–9.587 × 10⁻⁵ m²/h for cylindrical products and 1.408 × 10⁻⁷–13.913 × 10⁻⁷ m²/h spherical products using the Model-II.     

Boundary effects in local inflation and spectrum of density perturbations

We observe that when a local patch in a radiation filled Robertson–Walker universe inflates by some reason, outside perturbations can enter into the inflating region. Generally, the physical wavelengths of these perturbations become larger than the Hubble radius as they cross into the inflating space and their amplitudes freeze out immediately. It turns out that the corresponding power spectrum is not scale invariant. Although these perturbations cannot reach out to a distance inner observer shielded by a de Sitter horizon, they still indicate a curious boundary effect in local inflationary scenarios.     

Synthesis of Various Functional Propylene Copolymers Using rac‐Et[1‐Ind]2ZrCl2/MAO as the Catalyst System

Propylene copolymers with different polar groups were synthesised using rac‐Et[1‐Ind]₂ZrCl₂/MAO as the catalyst system. 10‐Undecen‐1‐ol, 10‐undecenoyl chloride, 10‐undecenoic acid, 2‐(9‐decen‐1‐yl)‐1,3‐oxazoline, 2‐(9‐decen‐1‐yl)‐4,4‐dimethyl‐1,3‐oxazoline, and 2‐[4‐(10‐undecene‐1‐oxy)phenyl]‐1,3‐oxazoline were used as comonomers. The addition of water to the 10‐undecenoyl chloride copolymer solution led to an acid‐functionalised copolymer. In the case of 2‐(9‐decen‐1‐yl)‐1,3‐oxazoline and its homopolymers, polymerisation temperature was varied. Up to 0.61 mol‐% comonomer were incorporated into the poly(propylene)s. The catalyst activities for 10‐undecen‐1‐ol, 10‐undecenoyl chloride and 10‐undecenoic acid were much higher than for the oxazoline comonomers.     

Synthesis,Characterization, Electrochemical and Surface Morphologies of Polyazomethines Containing Silane and Phosphazene Units

Polyazomethines containing silane and phosphazene groups were synthesized via elimination reactions of dihydroxy compounds containing imine bonding with phosphazane and silane dichloride. The structures of monomers and polymers containing phosphazane and silane groups were supported by ¹H–NMR, ¹³C–NMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis techniques. Electrochemical properties of the prepared Schiff bases and polymers were given by cyclic voltammetric (CV) analysis. Thermal properties of synthesized monomers and polymers were determined by TG-DTA and TG-DTA, DMA and DSC techniques, respectively. Molecular mass distributions of polymers are determined with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurement. Morphologic images of polymers containing heteroatom (silane/phosphazene) and azomethine linkage in the main chain were investigated by SEM techniques. The electrochemical band gap values of SB-1, SB-2, P-1, P-2 and P-3 compounds were found as 3.09, 3.30, 2.63, 3.07 and 3.04 eV, respectively.     

On-column concentration of bisphenol A with one-step removal of humic acids in water

An efficient extraction method for bisphenol A from environmental water including contaminants was developed using surface selective localization of functional group, on a polymeric separation device. The polymer utilized in this study was prepared through a kind of molecular imprinting technique, namely fragment imprinting effect utilizing a pseudo-template molecule (p-tert.-butylphenol) instead of bisphenol A. The concentration of bisphenol A onto the polymer device prepared, up to 1000 times concentration from environmental water including contaminants (humic acids), was achieved very easily with interesting exclusion effect for humic acids. The results obtained in this study suggest that molecular imprinting with the pseudo-template molecule is quite an effective way for selective concentration of the diluted target molecule from other contaminants including similar functional group with the target molecule.     

Fabrication of microbial chip using collagen gel microstructure

A microbial chip was fabricated by filling the micropores on a glass substrate with collagen-embedded Escherichia coli(E. coli) cells, and characterized by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in a solution containing ferricyanide. The activity of the E. coli cells in the collagen gel microstructure was imaged and characterized with SECM by mapping the localized concentration of ferrocyanide produced by the respiration of the cells. The SECM-based activity measurement detected as low as approximately 100 E. coli cells. Furthermore, the optical-microscopic observation indicated that the E. coli cells on the chip proliferated during the incubation. The sequential SECM measurements were performed for the same E. coli chip to obtain the microbial growth curve for a small number of microorganisms.