Phenylselenenyl chloride in acetonitrile-water : A highly convenient reagent for hydroxyselenation of olefins and preparation of cyclic ethers from dienes

The reaction of phenylselenenyl chloride with olefins in aqueous acetonitrile affords β-hydroxyalkyl phenyl selenides in excellent yields, providing the most convenient method for hydroxyselenation of olefins so far reported. When the reaction was applied to conjugated dienes, monohydroxyselenated products were obtained in good to excellent yields. From non-conjugated dienes, on the other hand, cyclic ethers containing two phenylseleno groups were produced in good to excellent yields, the first step of this reaction being the hydroxyselenation of one double bond.     

Preparation of 19,19,19-trifluororetinal(9-trifluoromethylretinal)

Synthetic work of all-trans-19,19,19-trifluororetinal (7E,9Z,11E,13E) is described.     

Nonequilibrium thermodynamics in field theory: Transport coefficients

Transport coefficients are expressed by real time correlation functions of energy-momentum tensor in the linear response approximation. We establish field theoretical method to compute them in perturbation theory, which is demonstrated in λ?⁴ theory.     

Cycloaddition of oxetane and carbon dioxide catalyzed by tetraphenylstibonium iodide

Trimethylene carbonate was readily obtained in the reaction of oxetane and carbon dioxide in the presence of tetraphenylstibonium iodide.     

Vertical and direct integration of heterojunction phototransistors and laser diodes

An optoelectronic integrated device based on the concept of vertical and direct integration is described. Four types of integrated devices composed of multiple heterojunction phototransistors and laser diodes are developed and the devices successfully achieve thirteen functions: optical switching, amplification, thresholding, bistability, light-controlled optical bistability, light-controlled optical thresholding, tristability, set and reset functions in tristable states, set and reset functions in tetrastable states, and bistable and tristable flip-flop functions.     

Dielectric relaxation of a flexible molecule with an intramolecular interaction

The Laplace transform of the electric polarization with respect to time for a molecule having two equivalent interacting rotational groups has been expressed in terms of an infinite continued fraction. This modifies the Debye equation by considering the intramolecular interaction.     

Activation of transition metalalkyl bonds in methyl titanium,trichloride, dialkyl(bipyridine)nickel and other transition metal alkyls by interaction with organoaluminum compounds

Metalcarbon bonds of various alkyl-transition metal compounds including TiCH₃Cl₃, NiR₂Bipy, Cr(C₂H₅)Cl₂Py₃, FeR₂Bipy₂, CuCH₃(PPh₃)₃(C₆H₅CH₃) are activated and split on interaction with organoaluminum compounds [AlR′₃ and AlR′₂(OC₂H₅), where R′ = CH₃, C₂H₅, and n-C₃H₇]. Kinetics of the cleavage of the TiCH₃ bond in TiCH₃Cl₃ and NiR bonds in NiR₂Bipy in solutions containing the organoaluminum compounds were studied by volumetric and spectroscopic methods, respectively. In both cases the reactions were first order with respect to the concentrations of the alkyltransition metal compounds. The pseudo first order rate constants for the decomposition of NiR₂Bipy in THF solution on addition of AlR′₃ were proportional to [AlR′₃] for low concentrations of AlR′₃ and to 1/[AlR′₃] for high concentrations. Based on the kinetics, a mechanism is proposed which involves coordination of AlR′₃ with NiR₂Bipy, and splitting the NiR bonds of the binuclear adduct thus formed. The decrease of the rate constants at higher concentrations of AlR′₃ is attributed to displacement of the complexed organoaluminum component by interaction wit AlR′₃·THF.