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71.
O. P. S. Negi H. Dehnen Gaurav Karnatak P. S. Bisht 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2011,50(6):1908-1918
Postulating the existence of magnetic monopole in electromagnetism and Heavisidian monopoles in gravitational interactions,
a unified theory of gravi-electromagnetism has been developed on generalizing the Schwinger-Zwanziger formulation of dyon
to quaternion in simple and consistent manner. Starting with the four Lorentz like forces on different charges, we have generalized
the Schwinger-Zwanziger quantization parameters in order to obtain the angular momentum for unified fields of dyons and gravito-dyons
(i.e. Gravi-electromagnetism). Taking the unified charge as quaternion, we have reformulated manifestly covariant and consistent
theory for the dynamics of four charges namely electric, magnetic, gravitational and Heavisidian associated with gravi electromagnetism. 相似文献
72.
Kavita Kumar Laetitia Dubau Michel Mermoux Jingkun Li Andrea Zitolo Jaysen Nelayah Frdric Jaouen Frdric Maillard 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(8):3235-3243
Fe‐N‐C catalysts containing atomic FeNx sites are promising candidates as precious‐metal‐free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The durability of Fe‐N‐C catalysts in fuel cells has been extensively studied using accelerated stress tests (AST). Herein we reveal stronger degradation of the Fe‐N‐C structure and four‐times higher ORR activity loss when performing load cycling AST in O2‐ vs. Ar‐saturated pH 1 electrolyte. Raman spectroscopy results show carbon corrosion after AST in O2, even when cycling at low potentials, while no corrosion occurred after any load cycling AST in Ar. The load‐cycling AST in O2 leads to loss of a significant fraction of FeNx sites, as shown by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analyses, and to the formation of Fe oxides. The results support that the unexpected carbon corrosion occurring at such low potential in the presence of O2 is due to reactive oxygen species produced between H2O2 and Fe sites via Fenton reactions. 相似文献
73.
Kavita Pandey Pankaj Yadav Indrajit Mukhopadhyay 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2014,18(2):453-463
Polyaniline (PANI) films were deposited by electrochemical polymerization of aniline monomer on a fluorine-doped glass substrate at room temperature under different electric field directions. The as-synthesized PANI films obtained at different growth cycles were characterized by AC impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that the film morphology, transport kinetics, and electrical properties are strongly dependent on the electric field direction and magnitude of the applied field during electropolymerization. The SEM morphology and AC impedance (modulus spectroscopy) indicate that a more homogeneous, high-porous, and conducting PANI film is induced by horizontal electric field direction (HEFD) electrodeposition, whereas the modulus spectroscopy of the PANI film deposited by vertical electric field direction (VEFD) reveals that VEFD deposition favours two-dimensional growth of PANI. The obtained polymer is more of dielectric in nature due to preferable dendritic growth which is supported by SEM analysis. 相似文献
74.
A series of eight N1-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-C4-(coumarin-4′′-yl)-1,2,3-triazoles have been synthesized by Cu(I)-catalyzed click reaction of 1-azido-1-deoxy-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranose with differently substituted 4-ethynylcoumarins followed by debenzoylation of the resulted N1-(2′,3′,5′-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-C4-(coumarin-4″-yl)-1,2,3-triazoles in 71 to 89% overall yields. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were established on the basis of their spectral data analysis that was further confirmed by X-ray data analysis of one of the model benzoylated compounds, i.e. N1-(2′,3′,5′-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-C4-(7″-isopropoxycoumarin-4″-yl)-1,2,3-triazole. 相似文献
75.
Glycidic esters, upon isomerisation with BF3.Et2O yield α-hydroxy-β,γ-unsaturated esters. These are then reduced with LiAlH4 to vicinal diols which are converted to vinyl epoxides in two steps. 相似文献
76.
In this paper, spectral graph wavelet optimized finite difference method (SPGWOFD) has been proposed for solving Burger's equation with distinct boundary conditions. Central finite difference approach is utilized for the approximations of the differential operators and the grid on which the numerical solution is obtained is chosen with the help of spectral graph wavelet. Four test problems (with Dirichlet, Periodic, Robin and Neumann's boundary conditions) are considered and the convergence of the technique is checked. For assessing the efficiency of the developed technique, the computational time taken by the developed technique is compared to that of the finite difference method. It has been observed that developed technique is extremely efficient. 相似文献
77.
Organic reactions catalysed by commercially available lipases, reported in recent years from our own laboratory and those
published by others are described, confining the discussions to esteriflcation and hydrolytic reactions only. The text gives
an insight into the variety of substrates accepted by these lipases and their potential applications to catalyse reactions
regio-, chemo-, enantio- and diastereoselectively to produce compounds of industrial, commercial, pharmaceutical and synthetic
interest. 相似文献
78.
We have investigated the microstructures and magnetic properties of L10 ordered equi-atomic FePt thin films prepared by ion beam sputtering and subsequent annealing. It is observed from X-ray reflectivity
and X-ray diffraction measurements that the mixing at Fe/Pt interfaces starts to occur with annealing and leading to the FePt
alloy phase formation. The rapid increase in the coercivity values above 275°C, obtained from vibrating sample magnetometer
(VSM) measurements, confirms the formation of the ordered L10 FCT FePt phase. 相似文献
79.
We consider the dynamics of the disordered, one-dimensional, symmetric zero range process in which a particle from an occupied
site k hops to its nearest neighbor with a quenched rate w(k). These rates are chosen randomly from the probability distribution f(w) ∼ (w − c)
n
, where c is the lower cutoff. For n>0, this model is known to exhibit a phase transition in the steady state from a low density phase with a finite number of
particles at each site to a high density aggregate phase in which the site with the lowest hopping rate supports an infinite
number of particles. In the latter case, it is interesting to ask how the system locates the site with globally minimum rate.
We use an argument based on the local equilibrium, supported by Monte Carlo simulations, to describe the approach to the steady
state. We find that at large enough time, regions with a smooth density profile are described by a diffusion equation with
site-dependent rates, while the isolated points where the mass distribution is singular act as the boundaries of these regions.
Our argument implies that the relaxation time scales with the system size L as L
z with z = 2 + 1/(n + 1) for n>1 and suggests a different behavior for n<1. 相似文献
80.