On the integral representation formula for a two‐component elastic composite

The aim of this paper is to derive, in the Hilbert space setting, an integral representation formula for the effective elasticity tensor for a two‐component composite of elastic materials, not necessarily well‐ordered. This integral representation formula implies a relation which links the effective elastic moduli to the N‐point correlation functions of the microstructure. Such relation not only facilitates a powerful scheme for systematic incorporation of microstructural information into bounds on the effective elastic moduli but also provides a theoretical foundation for inverse‐homogenization. The analysis presented in this paper can be generalized to an n‐component composite of elastic materials. The relations developed here can be applied to the inverse‐homogenization for a special class of linear viscoelastic composites. The results will be presented in another paper. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Catalytic removal of nitric oxides from diesel exhaust over supported metal oxides catalysts

Summary A number of supported metal oxide catalysts were prepared and tested for nitrogen oxide removal from diesel engine exhaust. More than 50% of nitrogen oxides were removed using many prepared catalysts in the temperature range of 150^oC-350^oC.     

Generic initial ideals of Artinian ideals having Lefschetz properties or the strong Stanley property

For a standard Artinian k-algebra A=R/I, we give equivalent conditions for A to have the weak (or strong) Lefschetz property or the strong Stanley property in terms of the minimal system of generators of gin(I). Using the equivalent condition for the weak Lefschetz property, we show that some graded Betti numbers of gin(I) are determined just by the Hilbert function of I if A has the weak Lefschetz property. Furthermore, for the case that A is a standard Artinian k-algebra of codimension 3, we show that every graded Betti number of gin(I) is determined by the graded Betti numbers of I if A has the weak Lefschetz property. And if A has the strong Lefschetz (respectively Stanley) property, then we show that the minimal system of generators of gin(I) is determined by the graded Betti numbers (respectively by the Hilbert function) of I.     

Synthesis and characterization of Ni magnetic nanoparticles in AlMCM41 host

Superparamagnetic nickel nanoparticles were prepared by incorporating nickel ion into AlMCM41 as a nanoreactor and then reduced with sodium borohydride or H₂ gas. Products were characterized by elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and magnetic susceptibility. The nickel particle size and blocking temperature depend on the reduction method.     

White electroluminescence from a single polyfluorene containing bis‐DCM units

A series of fluorene‐based copolymers composed of blue‐ and orange‐light‐emitting comonomers were synthesized through palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling reactions. 9,9‐Dihexylfluorene and 2‐(2,6‐bis‐{2‐[1‐(9,9‐dihexyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolin‐6‐yl]‐vinyl}‐pyran‐4‐ylidene)‐malononitrile (DCMF) were used as the blue‐ and orange‐light‐emitting chromophores, respectively. The resulting single polymers exhibited simultaneous blue (423/450 nm) and orange (580–600 nm) emissions from these two chromophores. By adjusting the fluorene and DCMF contents, white light emission could be obtained from a single polymer; a device with an ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer/Ca/Al configuration was found to exhibit pure white electroluminescence with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.33, 0.31), a maximum brightness of 1180 cd/m², and a current efficiency of 0.60 cd/A. Furthermore, the white light emission of this device was found to be very stable with respect to variation of the driving voltage. The CIE coordinates of the device were (0.32, 0.29), (0.32, 0.29), and (0.33, 0.31) for driving voltages of 7, 8, and 10 V, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3380–3390, 2007     

The stability of a cubic type functional equation with the fixed point alternative

In this note we investigate the generalized Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability for the new cubic type functional equation f(x+y+2z)+f(x+y−2z)+f(2x)+f(2y)=2[f(x+y)+2f(x+z)+2f(x−z)+2f(y+z)+2f(y−z)] by using the fixed point alternative. The first systematic study of fixed point theorems in nonlinear analysis is due to G. Isac and Th.M. Rassias [Internat. J. Math. Math. Sci. 19 (1996) 219-228].     

Gaps of operators

We construct examples which distinguish clearly the classes of p-hyponormal operators for 0<p?∞. In addition, we show that those examples classify the classes of w-hyponormal, absolute-p-paranormal, and normaloid operators on the complex Hilbert space. Only a few examples of p-hyponormal operators have been examined. Our technique can provide many examples related to the above operators.     

Study on colour characteristics depending on orientation of liquid crystal in the in-plane switching mode

The degree of colour shift depending on viewing direction in the in-plane switching (IPS) mode has been investigated. The IPS cell with pure twist deformation exhibits a stronger colour shift than that of the IPS cell with tilt as well as twist deformation, although the former has better luminance uniformity in the bright state than the latter. Furthermore, the IPS cell with multi-directional LC orientation, with tilt as well as twist deformation, shows the least colour shift.