π-CONJUGATED OLIGOMERS IN SUPRAMOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND THEIR OPTOELECTRONIC FUNCTIONS

Functional organic molecular materials and conjugated oligomers or polymers now allow the low-cost fabrication of thin films for insertion into new generations of electronic and optoelectronic devices. The performance of these devices relies on the understanding and optimization of several complementary processes. Our goal is to discuss the relationship between the molecular stacking structures and their optoelectronic properties that are of importance in all these areas. The concept of intermolecular interaction should be taken here in the special sense that is inter-dipole coupling. Specifically, we will address the impact of inter-dipole interaction between adjacent molecules in aggregate state on the solid-state emission properties.     

Stripping voltammetry of copper and lead using gold electrodes modified with self-assembled monolayers

One problem associated with using bare solid metal electrodes, such as gold and platinum, in stripping analysis to determine heavy metal ions such as lead and copper ions in dilute solutions is that underpotential deposition (UPD) gives multiple stripping peaks in the analysis of mixtures. These peaks are often overlapped and cannot be conveniently used for analytical purposes. Bifunctional alkylthiols, such as 3-mercaptopropionic acid, with an ionizable group on the other terminal end of the thiol can form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on the surface of the gold electrode. It is shown that such an SAM-modified gold electrode minimizes the UPD effects for the stripping analysis of lead and copper. The anodic peak potential shifts and the peak shape changes, indicating that the SAM changes the deposition and stripping steps of these heavy metal ions. Thus, the sensitivity levels for both single species and mixtures can be significantly improved for the conventional solid electrodes. The mechanism of the deposition reaction at the SAM-modified gold electrodes is discussed. Received: 29 May 1997 / Accepted: 24 June 1997     

Glycoprotein adsorption into bilirubin/cholesterol mixed monolayers at the air-water interface

The adsorption of α₁-acid glycoprotein into bilirubin/cholesterol mixed monolayers with various component molar ratios is investigated using surface pressure-area (π-A) isotherms and (dπ/dA)-A curves. The results showed that the surface area per molecule increased after the adsorption/insertion of glycoprotein molecules into the monolayers. The compressibility of mixed monolayers increased as a result of hydrogen bonding between bilirubin and glycoprotein molecules, while the interactions between bilirubin and cholesterol are weakened. The adsorption of glycoprotein into a monolayer induced changes in molecular surface area depending on the surface pressure and molar fraction of bilirubin. The transmission electron microscopy of mixed monolayers confirmed the insertion of glycoprotein particles of spherical shape with an average diameter of about 80 nm into the monolayer. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

凝胶-燃烧法合成YAG∶Eu3+纳米荧光材料的结构和发光性能

Y₃Al₅O₁₂∶Eu nanophosphors were synthesized by a gel combustion method. The structure of phosphors was characterized by XRD and FTIR. YAG phase came to occur when YAG∶Eu precursors were sintered at 800 ℃, although the phase was mainly amorphous. The organic groups pyrolyzed completely and pure YAG phase was obtained in the samples sintered at 900 ℃. In the formation of YAG phase, no intermediate phases such as YAP and YAM were detected. Both ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₁ orange and ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂ red emission could be observed for all the sintered samples. However, the emission of amorphous samples was greatly different from that of crystalline ones. The former was mainly ⁵D₀→ ⁷F₂ red emission, but the latter was ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₁ orange emission. As sintering temperature rises, the ratio of orange to red for phosphors increases. Eu could be doped up to 8% in YAG host lattice, and fluorescence quenching was absent. It indicated that the gel combustion synthesis method can increase emission intensity and quenching concentration due to a good distribution of Eu³⁺ activators in Y₃Al₅O₁₂ matrix.     

Daphniglaucins A and B,novel polycyclic quaternary alkaloids from Daphniphyllum glaucescens

[structure: see text] Two cytotoxic quaternary Daphniphyllum alkaloids with an unprecedented fused-polycyclic skeleton containing a 1-azoniatetracyclo[5.2.2.0.(1,6)0.(4,9)]undecane ring system, daphniglaucins A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from the leaves of Daphniphyllum glaucescens. Their structures and relative stereochemistry were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data.     

Monolayer characteristics of mixed octadecylamine and stearic acid at the air/water interface

Mixed monolayers of stearic acid (SA) and octadecylamine (ODA) at the air/water interface were investigated in this article. The miscibility of the two compounds was evaluated by the measurement of surface pressure-area per molecule (pi-A) isothems and the direct observation of Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) on the water surface. The two compounds were spread individually on the subphase (method 1) or premixed first in the spreading solvent and then cospread (method 2). The effect of spreading method on the miscibility of the two compounds was also studied. The results show that the mixed monolayers prepared by method 1 cannot get a well-mixed state. The isotherms of mixed monolayers preserve both characteristics of SA and ODA and exhibit two collapse points. The calculated excess surface area is very small. Besides, distinguished domains corresponding to those of pure SA and ODA can be inspected from the BAM images. Such results indicate that SA and ODA cannot get a well-mixed phase via 2-dimensional mixing. On the contrary, in the mixed monolayer prepared by cospreading, the two compounds exhibit high miscibility. In the pi-A isotherms, the individual characteristics of SA and ODA disappear. The calculated excess area exhibits a highly positive deviation which indicates the existence of special interaction between the two compounds. The low compressibility of isotherm implies the highly rigid characteristic of the mixed monolayer. which was also sustained by the striplike collapse morphology observed from the BAM. The rigid characteristic of SA/ODA mixed monolayer was attributed to the formation of "catanionic surfactant" by electrostatic adsorption of headgroups of SA and ODA or to the formation of salt by acid-base reaction.     

Synthesis of Novel Nucleoside Analog （3R）-2,3-Dideoxy-3-（N-hydroxy-N-methylamino）-L-arabinofuranosyl Uracil

The synthesis of novel nucleoside analog (3R)-2,3-dideoxy-3-(N-hydroxy-N-methylamino)-L-arabinofuranosyl uracil was studied. A twelve-step synthetic route, started from L-ascorbic acid, was designed, and the final product was obtained in 20.8% yield.     

Catalytic Enantioselective Reduction of Prochiral Ketones with Chiral Ferrocenyl Amino Alcohols

The asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones was catalyzed by a class of recoverable and highly stable chiral ferrocenyl amino alcohols derived from natural amino acids to yield optically active secondary alcohols in high chemical yields and moderate to good enantiomeric excesses.     

Applications of homemade kit in mutation detection of genes

With the accomplishment of Human Genome Project (HGP), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and mutation detection in human genome are becom-ing a new researching focus. These researches can help us to understand the phenotype diversity of indi-vidual, disease susceptibility and drug resistance of different colonies. Traditional method used for muta-tion detection is slab gel electrophoresis, which re-mains labor-intensive and time-consuming because of the requirement of radioactivity or te…