飞秒激光在细胞纳米手术中的应用

激光类型不同,其与生物组织的作用机理也不同。其中飞秒激光由于脉冲持续时间短、瞬时功率大、聚焦尺寸小的特点,使得其在超快、超强和超精细领域有着广阔的应用前景。而结构微小的细胞的动力学研究,如有丝分裂、变形和凋亡,对于了解细胞的生物和发育行为有着重要作用。且生物大分子和水几乎不吸收近红外波长的光,故考虑应用近红外飞秒激光对细胞进行手术。这种激光手术技术已用于对细胞内结构进行切割和蚀除。介绍了该技术在细胞领域中的一些应用,如纳米手术、基因转染和染色体切割等。与传统技术相比,该技术精度高,可在不损伤细胞活性的前提下对细胞进行实验。     

小波变换轮廓术的测量范围研究

利用小波“脊”处的小波系数来提取变形条纹中的相位信息可以在很大程度上抑制条纹图中有用的基频分量与零频和其它谐波频率分量的混叠,弥补了傅里叶变换轮廓术的不足。从离散信号频域分析角度,推导了变形条纹小波变换的频谱描述形式,讨论了其测量范围,包括结构条件和抽样条件。结果表明,只有在无周期内瞬时频谱混叠,即任意位置处物体瞬时高度变化满足h/xx=b<1/3条件时,和不存在抽样引起的周期间瞬时频谱混叠的抽样条件下(即一个周期内的抽样点数m≥4时),小波变换轮廓术才能正确恢复被测物体的三维面型。计算机模拟和实验验证了该结论。     

中心对称向量与Skew对称矩阵

引入中心对称向量和中心反对称向量的概念,证明数域P上任意n维向量都可以唯一地表示成一个中心对称向量和一个中心反对称向量的和;给出数域P上Skew对称矩阵的概念,并讨论其性质.     

具多偏差变元的n-维p-Laplacian方程周期解的存在性

研究了一类具多偏差变元的n-维p-Laplacian方程周期解的存在性,利用迭合度理论得到了存在周期解的新条件.     

Potential Value of Wood Tar as a Natural Fungicide against Valsa mali

The Valsa canker caused by Valsa mali seriously harmed the production of East Asian apples and caused very significant economic losses. Considering the chemical residues and the improvement of people’s awareness of environmental protection, there is a need for screening new green pesticides for the control of Valsa canker. Therefore, we conducted systematic evaluations on the antifungal activity of wood tar. In this research, the effective concentration (EC₅₀) of six strains of V. mali to wood tar was determined, and the EC₅₀ ranged from 69.54 to 92.81 μg/mL. After treatment with wood tar, the hyphae of V. mali broke, swelled, and deformed; the permeability of the cell membrane increased; and the activity of pectinase reduced. Moreover, the expression levels of five genes related to pectinase also decreased significantly. In addition, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) of apple leaves treated with wood tar also increased. On detached apple branches, wood tar also showed therapeutic and protective activities. In the 2016–2019 field experiments, wood tar also showed good efficacy against Valsa canker and promoted the formation of callus. (In the experiments from 2016 to 2019, it can be seen that the control effect of 50% wood tar and 100% wood tar in the field is above 75% and promoted the formation of callus.) This study is the first to report the bidirectional efficacy of wood tar against Valsa mali and for trunk wound healing. The above results evidenced that wood tar has great potential to be developed as a natural alternative to commercial fungicides for the management of apple Valsa canker.     

Recovery of Bioactive Ellagitannins by Ultrasound/Microwave-Assisted Extraction from Mexican Rambutan Peel (Nephelium lappaceum L.)

Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) is a tropical fruit from Asia which has become the main target of many studies involving polyphenolic analysis. Mexico produces over 8 million tons per year of rambutan, generating a huge amount of agro-industrial waste since only the pulp is used and the peel, which comprises around 45% of the fruit’s weight, is left behind. This waste can later be used in the recovery of polyphenolic fractions. In this work, emerging technologies such as microwave, ultrasound, and the hybridization of both were tested in the extraction of phenolic compounds from Mexican rambutan peel. The results show that the hybrid technology extraction yielded the highest polyphenolic content (176.38 mg GAE/g of dry rambutan peel). The HPLC/MS/ESI analysis revealed three majoritarian compounds: geraniin, corilagin, and ellagic acid. These compounds explain the excellent results for the biological assays, namely antioxidant activity evaluated by the DPPH, ABTS, and LOI (Lipid oxidation inhibition) assays that exhibited great antioxidant capacity with IC₅₀ values of 0.098, 0.335, and 0.034 mg/mL respectively, as well as prebiotic activity demonstrated by a µMax (maximum growth) of 0.203 for Lactobacillus paracasei. Lastly, these compounds have shown no hemolytic activity, opening the door for the elaboration of different products in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.     

β-环糊精与苯基偶氮(4-偶氮-1)-2-萘酚(苏丹红Ⅲ)相互作用的光谱研究

利用分光光度法研究了苯基偶氮(4-偶氮-1)-2-萘酚(苏丹红Ⅲ)与β-环糊精的包合机理。用红外光谱法确认了主体分子对客体分子的包合深度。结果表明:苯基偶氮(4-偶氮-1)-2-萘酚与β-环糊精形成1∶1的包容络合物,包合常数为7.95×102L/mol,求出了包合反应热力学参数ΔG,ΔH及ΔS,整个包合过程受熵变控制。     

A Hybrid Method Using HAVOK Analysis and Machine Learning for Predicting Chaotic Time Series

The prediction of chaotic time series systems has remained a challenging problem in recent decades. A hybrid method using Hankel Alternative View Of Koopman (HAVOK) analysis and machine learning (HAVOK-ML) is developed to predict chaotic time series. HAVOK-ML simulates the time series by reconstructing a closed linear model so as to achieve the purpose of prediction. It decomposes chaotic dynamics into intermittently forced linear systems by HAVOK analysis and estimates the external intermittently forcing term using machine learning. The prediction performance evaluations confirm that the proposed method has superior forecasting skills compared with existing prediction methods.     

豆腐生产过程中微量元素硒分布特性研究

为确定以不同硒含量的大豆为原料生产豆腐过程中硒分布特性,用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法对该过程中各种产物的硒含量进行了分析研究。结果表明,以硒含量分别为0.692、2.561、2.801 mg/kg的大豆为原料生产得到的豆腐、黄浆水、豆渣的硒含量分别为:0.089、0.250、0.138 mg/kg,0.462、0.760、0.507 mg/kg和0.532、0.764、0.524 mg/kg。豆腐生产过程中,以低硒大豆为原料生产豆腐,硒总回收率为75.59%;采用富硒大豆为原料生产,硒的回收率分别达到87.37%、87.20%;生产过程中豆腐、黄浆水和豆渣中硒含量占总回收硒的比率分别为39.01%～49.97%、23.92%～29.89%、26.11%～30.92%。     

带有可调通道的嵌段共聚物胶束对药物的控制释放

用聚丙烯酸叔丁酯-b-聚乙二醇(PtBA45-b-PEG114)和聚丙烯酸叔丁酯-b-聚4-乙烯基吡啶(PtBA60-b-P4VP80)制备了复合胶束. 该胶束在pH=2.5的酸性水溶液中形成以PtBA为核, PEG和P4VP为壳的稳定球型结构. 在pH=12时, 壳层的P4VP链段变为疏水, 塌缩在PtBA的核上形成内壳, PEG链段继续保持溶解状态, 与成核的PtBA连接并穿过塌陷的P4VP内壳, 形成胶束的冠, 由于PEG处于溶解状态, 其分子链间有比较大的空隙, 可以控制一些小分子通过, 在胶束的表面形成通道. 该通道类似于生物膜的蛋白通道, 可以控制PtBA核与外界进行能量或物质交换的速度. 以布洛芬为模型分子, 负载在胶束内进行药物控制释放研究的结果表明, 胶束表面的通道可以起到明显控制布洛芬释放速度的作用, 并且药物的释放速度与通道在胶束表面的比例成正比.