Approximation and attractivity properties of the degenerated Ginzburg-Landau equation

We are interested in spatially extended pattern forming systems close to the threshold of the first instability in case when the so-called degenerated Ginzburg-Landau equation takes the role of the classical Ginzburg-Landau equation as the amplitude equation of the system. This is the case when the relevant nonlinear terms vanish at the bifurcation point. Here we prove that in this situation every small solution of the pattern forming system develops in such a way that after a certain time it can be approximated by the solutions of the degenerated Ginzburg-Landau equation. In this paper we restrict ourselves to a Swift-Hohenberg-Kuramoto-Shivashinsky equation as a model for such a pattern forming system.     

Spin echo formation in the presence of stochastic dynamics

Spin echo formation in magnetic field gradients in the presence of fast stochastic motion is studied for hyperpolarized 3He gas at different diffusivities. The fast translational motion leads to frequency shifts already during echo formation, which can be described analytically for a linear gradient. Despite complete signal loss at the position of the spin echo itself, considerable intensity can be preserved at an earlier time (sqrt[2]tau rather than 2tau, where tau is the pulse delay). Hence, the phenomenon is designated as a pseudo spin echo.     

750 mW continuous-wave solid-state deep ultraviolet laser source at the 253.7 nm transition in mercury

A high-power continuous-wave coherent light source at 253.7 nm is described. It is based on a solid-state Yb:YAG disk laser with two successive frequency doubling stages and is capable of generating stable output powers of up to 750 mW. Spectroscopy of the 6 (1)S(0)-6 (3)P(1) transition of mercury has been demonstrated.     

At-wavelength inspection of sub-40 nm defects in extreme ultraviolet lithography mask blank by photoemission electron microscopy

A new at-wavelength inspection technology to probe nanoscale defects buried underneath Mo/Si multilayers on an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography mask blank has been implemented using EUV photoemission electron microscopy (EUV-PEEM). EUV-PEEM images of programmed defect structures of various lateral and vertical sizes recorded at an ~13.5 nm wavelength show that 35 nm wide and 4 nm high buried line defects are clearly detectable. The imaging technique proves to be sensitive to small phase jumps, enhancing the edge visibility of the phase defects, which is explained in terms of a standing wave enhanced image contrast at resonant EUV illumination.     

Synthesis of the antimalarial drug FR900098 utilizing the nitroso-ene reaction

The antimalarial drug FR900098 was prepared from diethyl allylphosphonate involving the nitroso-ene reaction with nitrosocarbonyl methane as the key step followed by hydrogenation and dealkylation. The utilization of dibenzyl allylphosphonate as the starting compound allows one-step hydrogenation with dealkylation, which simplifies the preparative scheme further.     

A linear AC trap for polar molecules in their ground state

A linear AC trap for polar molecules in high-field seeking states has been devised and implemented, and its characteristics have been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The trap is loaded with slow 15ND3 molecules in their ground state (para-ammonia) from a Stark decelerator. The trap's geometry offers optimal access as well as improved loading. We present measurements of the dependence of the trap's performance on the switching frequency, which exhibit a characteristic structure due to nonlinear resonance effects. The molecules are found to oscillate in the trap under the influence of the trapping forces, which were analyzed using 3D numerical simulations. On the basis of expansion measurements, molecules with a velocity and a position spread of 2.1 m/s and 0.4 mm, respectively, are still accepted by the trap. This corresponds to a temperature of 2.0 mK. From numerical simulations, we find the phase-space volume that can be confined by the trap (the acceptance) to be 50 mm3 (m/s)3.     

Synthesis and Structure of Europium Aluminium Garnet (EAG)

Europium aluminium garnet (Eu₃Al₅O₁₂, EAG) was synthesized by an aqueous sol‐gel process and subsequent thermal annealing at 800 – 850 °C. Eu₃Al₅O₁₂ crystallizes cubic ( and its crystal structure was refined from X‐ray powder data. The refined oxygen position in the structure of EAG yields four shorter and four longer distances between europium and the eight surrounding oxygen atoms, forming a distorted dodecahedron. Pure Eu₃Al₅O₁₂ can be treated at temperatures around 1000 °C before it converts into perovskite‐like EAP near 1300 °C.