XPS investigations of ink‐jet printed paper

Different ink‐jet printed paper materials were investigated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) yielding the elemental composition of the near‐surface region of the papers. We found significant differences with respect to the detected elements and their atomic concentrations in the different inks studied here. Two different groups of inks could be identified by means of a lower ratio of the O and C atomic concentrations and lower concentrations in specific trace elements like Mg, Na and Si. High‐resolution spectra of C 1s and O 1s core levels allowed a detailed determination of the chemical state of the respective elements. On the basis of a detailed deconvolution of these XPS signals, significant differences between all the investigated ink‐jet printed papers were found, thereby allowing their discrimination. The applicability of the measurements and, more generally, the XPS technique for forensic investigations of paper are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2-Phosphinophenolate complexes: formation and crystal structure of a novel trinuclear mu-O nickel(II)-tris(P(intersection)O-chelate)

A novel linear trinuclear mu-O-bridging 2-phosphinophenolate nickel(II) complex with fac-tris(P(intersection)O- chelates) in the terminal positions and the three oxygen atoms each facing the central nickel(II) cation was synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of an octahedral Ni(II) tris(P(intersection)O- chelate).     

Correlation between intramolecular bond lengths and K-shell σ-shape resonances in gas-phase molecules

Analysis of K-shell excitation spectra of gas-phase molecules containing at least two atoms of either B, C. N. O or F reveals the existence of a striking correlation between the bond length of the atomic pair. the sum of their atomic numbers and the associated α-shape resonance energy. Empirical rules are established which allow the derivation of intramolecular distances with accuracies reliably better than ± 0.05 A from the K-.shell absorption spectrum of one of the atoms in the Molecule.     

Direct optical emission spectroscopy of liquid analytes using an electrolyte as a cathode discharge source (ELCAD) integrated on a micro-fluidic chip

Atomic emission detection of metallic species in aqueous solutions has been performed using a miniaturised plasma created within a planar, glass micro-fluidic chip. Detection was achieved using an Electrolyte as a Cathode Discharge source (ELCAD) in which the sample solution itself is used as the cathode for the discharge. To realise the ELCAD technique within a micro-fluidic device, a parallel liquid-gas flow was set up in a micro-channel and a glow discharge ignited between the flowing liquid sample surface and a metal wire anode. The detection of copper and sodium was achieved, using atmospheric pressure air as a carrier gas, by observation of atomic emission lines of copper at 324 nm, 327 nm, 511 nm, 515 nm and 522 nm and an atomic emission line of sodium at 589 nm using a commercially available miniaturised spectrometer. A total electrical power of less than 70 mW was required to sustain the discharge. A semi-quantitative, absolute detection limit of 17 nmol s(-1) was obtained for sodium with a sample flow rate of 100 microL min(-1) and an integration time of 100 ms in air at atmospheric pressure. The volume required for such detection is approximately 170 nL. Further analysis was performed with an Echelle spectrometer using both argon and air as a carrier gas. The geometry and flow rates used demonstrate the feasibility of integrating such micro-plasmas into other micro-fluidic devices, such as miniaturised CE devices, as a method of detection. The potential for using such micro-plasmas within highly portable miniaturised systems and mu-TAS devices is presented and discussed.     

Cluster isobars for high-precision mass spectrometry

Doublet mass measurements of the isobars²⁸Si₃ and¹²C₇ are performed by use of a Penning trap mass spectrometer and the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR). The carbon and silicon cluster ions are produced by laser ablation. Results of these preliminary measurements are presented.     

A Three-Dimensional Two-Phase Model for Thermal Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition with Liquid Feedstock Injection

In this paper, a comprehensive model for thermal plasma chemical vapor deposition (TPCVD) with liquid feedstock injection is documented. The gas flow is assumed to be steady, of a single temperature. Radiation and charged species contributions are excluded, but extensive homogeneous and heterogeneous chemistry is included. The liquid phase is traced by considering individual droplets. Discussion on the model's application to diamond production from acetone in a hydrogen–argon plasma is included. The major conclusions are: (1) Liquid injection possesses a capability to deliver the hydrocarbon precursor directly onto the deposition target. (2) For the case of complete evaporation of the droplet before reaching the substrate, the deposition rate is similar to that obtained with gaseous precursors. (3) The computational results compare well with experimental data. The modeling results can be used to optimize the injection parameters with regard to the deposition rate.     

5,6-Dimethoxy- und [4,5,6-Trimethoxy-benzo[b]-thienyl-(3)]-acylamine

Zusammenfassung Umsetzung von 5,6-Dimethoxy- und [4,5,6-Trimethoxy-benzo[b]thienyl-(3)]-essigsäure mit PCl₅ lieferte die methoxysubstituierten [Benzo[b]thienyl-(3)]-essigsäurechloride, die mit sekundären Aminen zu den entsprechenden Amiden reagierten.Die homologen Verbindungen mit einer C₃-Brücke wurden durchArndt-Eistert-Reaktion des Diazomethylketons in Gegenwart der entsprechenden sekundären Amine erhalten.

---

Reaction of 5.6-dimethoxy- and [4.5.6-trimethoxybenzo[b]-thienyl-(3)]-acetic acid with PCl₅ gave the methoxy-substituted [benzo[b]thienyl-(3)]-acetic acid chlorides, which reacted with secondary amines to the corresponding amides.The homologous compounds with a C₃-bridge were synthesized viaArndt-Eistert reaction of the diazomethyl ketone in presence of the corresponding secondary amines.