苯乙炔配位聚合及光热性能研究——推荐一个绿色高分子化学综合实验

介绍一个绿色高分子化学综合实验.在水相中,苯乙炔通过有机铑配合物催化聚合得到聚苯乙炔,利用红外光谱仪、核磁共振仪、紫外-可见分光光度计、荧光光谱仪和热重分析仪对其结构和光热性能进行研究.本实验难度适中,可以通过溶剂为可变因素展开分析讨论,引导学生主动思考.实验内容涵盖高分子化学、应用波谱学和聚合物仪器分析与表征等知识点.本实验的实施不仅可提升学生的综合运用专业知识能力,还可培养学生系统的科研思维和环保意识.     

基于环己酮氧化脱氢构建碳-碳与碳-杂键

环己酮是一种廉价易得的大宗有机化工产品,被广泛用作有机合成反应的原料和中间体。脱氢芳构化是合成功能化芳烃的有效途径,使用环己酮作为反应底物,经过亲核加成、脱水和催化脱氢可以将非芳香的有机分子转化为芳香化合物。与传统的芳基化反应相比,该策略避免了苛刻的反应条件和含卤化合物的生产,克服了化学和区域选择性难以控制的难题,为功能化芳烃的合成提供了一条温和、环保的途径。本文就近年来以环己酮为原料,进行氧化脱氢、直接构建碳-碳和碳-杂键,及通过碳-杂键的形成合成杂环化合物的研究现状进行介绍。     

含芴共轭高分子的合成、表征及性能研究——推荐一个高分子化学综合实验

推荐了一个高分子化学综合实验——含芴共轭高分子的合成、表征及性能研究。实验内容包括利用Sonogashira偶联反应合成共轭高分子,采用核磁共振和红外光谱等检测手段对其结构进行表征,并利用紫外-可见光谱、荧光和热重分析对其性能进行研究。本实验结合了高分子化学和聚合物仪器分析与表征的知识点,建议纳入高分子专业高年级综合实验课程。     

超宽带TEM喇叭天线优化设计与实验

针对用于成像雷达系统的超宽带TEM喇叭天线进行了优化设计,兼顾辐射性能、馈入反射和小尺寸条件,采用平滑渐变结构和加载技术代替原设计,增加了低频电流的回流通道,从而改善了天线的低频特性,增强了其定向辐射能力。在理论分析的基础上对其进行了仿真,并按照仿真结果实际制作了一副天线,对天线进行了测试。仿真与实测结果表明:在电压驻波系数小于2时,该天线具有11∶1的阻抗带宽,较强的辐射能力和良好的定性辐射特性,能够满足雷达系统的需求。     

Determination of four sulfonylurea herbicides in tea by matrix solid‐phase dispersion cleanup followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

Matrix solid‐phase dispersion combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction has been developed as a new sample pretreatment method for the determination of four sulfonylurea herbicides (chlorsulfuron, bensulfuron‐methyl, chlorimuron‐ethyl, and pyrazosulfuron) in tea by high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The extraction and cleanup by matrix solid‐phase dispersion was carried out by using CN‐silica as dispersant and carbon nanotubes as cleanup sorbent eluted with acidified dichloromethane. The eluent of matrix solid‐phase dispersion was evaporated and redissolved in 0.5 mL methanol, and used as the dispersive solvent of the following dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure for further purification and enrichment of the target analytes before high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis. Under the optimum conditions, the method yielded a linear calibration curve in the concentration range from 5.0 to 10 000 ng/g for target analytes with a correlation coefficients (r²) ranging from 0.9959 to 0.9998. The limits of detection for the analytes were in the range of 1.31–2.81 ng/g. Recoveries of the four sulfonylurea herbicides at two fortification levels were between 72.8 and 110.6% with relative standard deviations lower than 6.95%. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of four sulfonylurea herbicides in several tea samples.     

Double‐Layer Nanogold and Double‐Strand DNA‐Modified Electrode for Electrochemical Immunoassay of Cancer Antigen 15‐3

Various sensor‐based immunoassay methods have been extensively developed for the detection of cancer antigen 15‐3 (CA 15‐3), but most often exhibit low detection signals and low detection sensitivity, and are unsuitable for routine use. The aim of this work is to develop a simple and sensitive electrochemical immunoassay for CA 15‐3 in human serum by using nanogold and DNA‐modified immunosensors. Prussian blue (PB), as a good mediator, was initially electrodeposited on a gold electrode surface, then double‐layer nanogold particles and double‐strand DNA (dsDNA) with the sandwich‐type architecture were constructed on the PB‐modified surface in turn, and then anti‐CA 15‐3 antibodies were adsorbed onto the surface of nanogold particles. The double‐layer nanogold particles provided a good microenvironment for the immobilization of biomolecules. The presence of dsDNA enhanced the surface coverage of protein, and improved the sensitivity of the immunosensor. The performance and factors influencing the performance of the immunosensor were evaluated. Under optimal conditions, the proposed immunosensor exhibited a wide linear range from 1.0 to 240 ng/mL with a relatively low detection limit of 0.6 ng/mL (S/N=3) towards CA 15‐3. The stability, reproducibility and precision of the as‐prepared immunosensor were acceptable. 57 serum specimens were assayed by the developed immunosensor and standard enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively, and the results obtained were almost consistent. More importantly, the proposed methodology could be further developed for the immobilization of other proteins and biocompounds.     

Synthesis of Chiral 2‐Aroyl‐1‐tetralols: Asymmetric Transfer Hydrgenation of 2‐Aroyl‐1‐tetralones via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution

The dynamic kinetic resolution of 2‐aroyl‐1‐tetralones was achieved via asymmetric transfer hydrogenation using (S,S)‐RuCl(p‐cymene)TsDPEN (TsDPEN=N‐(tosyl)‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine) in formic acid/triethyl‐ amine (5:2, molar ratio), afforded the desired products in good yields (up to 85%) with diastereomeric ratio up to >99:1 and high enantiomeric excesses (up to >99%). The absolute configuration of major the product was confirmed by X‐ray crystal structure analysis.     

A Long‐Lived Mononuclear Cyclopentadienyl Ruthenium Complex Grafted onto Anatase TiO2 for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction

This work shows a novel artificial donor–catalyst–acceptor triad photosystem based on a mononuclear C₅H₅‐RuH complex oxo‐bridged TiO₂ hybrid for efficient CO₂ photoreduction. An impressive quantum efficiency of 0.56 % for CH₄ under visible‐light irradiation was achieved over the triad photocatalyst, in which TiO₂ and C₅H₅‐RuH serve as the electron collector and CO₂‐reduction site and the photon‐harvester and water‐oxidation site, respectively. The fast electron injection from the excited Ru²⁺ cation to TiO₂ in ca. 0.5 ps and the slow backward charge recombination in half‐life of ca. 9.8 μs result in a long‐lived D⁺–C–A^? charge‐separated state responsible for the solar‐fuel production.     

Gaussian mixture model-based target feature extraction and visualization

Journal of Visualization - Effective extraction and visualization of complex target features from volume data are an important task, which allows the user to analyze and get insights of the complex...     

18Ni(300)钢高速干滑动摩擦磨损特性研究

利用销盘高速干滑动摩擦磨损试验机,对18Ni(300)马氏体时效钢的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究,应用JSM-6390A型扫描电子显微镜和X-衍射方法对摩擦磨损表面进行观察,表征其摩擦表面的微观形貌、摩擦磨损的磨屑以及由于摩擦产热而引起的氧化物,进而推断出磨损机制.结果表明:摩擦副的摩擦系数随载荷和速度的增加而下降;随着转速和载荷的增加,销表面氧化物逐渐由FeO转变为Fe_3O_4,其磨损机制由黏着磨损转变为严重的氧化磨损.