超巨磁电阻材料Pr2/3Sr1/3MnO3薄膜输运性质的研究

对1/f噪声缺口的超巨磁电阻Pr_2/3Sr_1/3MnO₃薄膜样品从10K到室温的热电势值进行了测量，热电势为负值，低温下随温度线性变化，表现为金属扩散热电势，在150K开始急剧减小，过渡到与温度T成反比的变化关系，与小极化子模型相符.结合在电阻极大温度附近对电阻和1/f噪声行为的讨论，对于发生在电阻极大温度附近的相变过程，结果支持源于相分离的渝渗模型. 关键词： 稀土锰氧化物 热电势 渝渗模型     

准二维电荷密度波导体钾紫青铜KxMo6O17单晶样品的制备

采用碳酸盐替代高钼酸盐电解还原的方法成功制备出了准二维电荷密度波导体钾紫青铜单晶.通过x射线衍射、透射电子显微术等方法对单晶进行结构分析表明：晶胞参数a=b=0.5540nm，c=1.3508nm，单晶为三角晶系，对称群为P3.电阻温度关系曲线的测量显示：钾紫青铜K_xMo₆O₁₇单晶在112K附近发生金属到金属的Peierls相变. 关键词： 钾紫青铜 电荷密度波 Peierls相变     

Mo-X(B, C, N, O, F)共掺杂TiO2体系的光催化协同效应研究

采用密度泛函理论平面波超软赝势方法, 计算并分析了Mo/X(B, C, N, O, F)共掺杂TiO₂体系的形成能、电子结构和光学性质, 研究了共掺杂协同效应对于计算体系光催化性能的影响机制. 首先计算出不同掺杂体系的态密度及能带结构, 利用能带理论分析了共掺杂效应对于禁带宽度的调控作用, 进而分析了共掺杂对TiO₂光催化能力和稳定性的协同作用. 结合电荷密度图, 分析原子间的电荷转移情况, 得到计算体系中各原子成键状态. 最后, 结合光吸收谱线分析得出Mo/C共掺杂类型在调制TiO₂体系中可见光波段的光催化性能上优势明显, 在催化作用上表现出协同效应. 本文的理论研究对共掺杂方法在TiO₂光催化领域有着一定的指导意义.     

The film thickness dependent thermal stability of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>:Ag thin films as high-temperature solar selective absorbers

The monolayer Al₂O₃:Ag thin films were prepared by magnetron sputtering. The microstructure and optical properties of thin film after annealing at 700 °C in air were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and spectrophotometer. It revealed that the particle shape, size, and distribution across the film were greatly changed before and after annealing. The surface plasmon resonance absorption and thermal stability of the film were found to be strongly dependent on the film thickness, which was believed to be associated with the evolution process of particle diffusion, agglomeration, and evaporation during annealing at high temperature. When the film thickness was smaller than 90 nm, the film SPR absorption can be attenuated until extinct with increasing annealing time due to the evaporation of Ag particles. While the film thickness was larger than 120 nm, the absorption can keep constant even after annealing for 64 h due to the agglomeration of Ag particles. On the base of film thickness results, the multilayer Al₂O₃:Ag solar selective thin films were prepared and the thermal stability test illustrated that the solar selectivity of multilayer films with absorbing layer thickness larger than 120 nm did not degrade after annealing at 500 °C for 70 h in air. It can be concluded that film thickness is an important factor to control the thermal stability of Al₂O₃:Ag thin films as high-temperature solar selective absorbers.     

Design of a reentrant double staggered ladder circuit for V-band coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube

The reentrant double staggered ladder slow-wave structure is employed in a high-power V-band coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube. This structure has a wide bandwidth, a moderate interaction impedance, and excellent thermal dissipation properties, besides the easy fabrication. A well-matched waveguide coupler is proposed for the structure. Combining the design of attenuators, a full-scale three-dimensional circuit model for the V-band coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube is constructed. The electromagnetic characteristics and the beam--wave interaction of this structure are investigated. The beam current is set to be 100 mA, and the cathode voltage is tuned from 16.8 kV to 15.8 kV. The calculation results show that this tube can produce a saturated average output power over 100 W with an instantaneous bandwidth greater than 1.25 GHz in the frequency ranging from 58 GHz to 62 GHz. The corresponding gain and electronic efficiency can reach over 32 dB and 6.5%, respectively.     

锐钛矿相TiO2纳米管的制备及其染科敏化太阳电池

以商用金红石相TiO2粉末为原料,通过在碱性溶液中150℃水热48h的方法合TiO2纳米管.采用SEM,TEN,XRD分析手段对TiO2纳米管的形貌和结构演变进行了表征.制成的TiO2纳米管与TritonX-100,乙酰丙酮混合后,通过丝网印刷的方法涂敷到ITO导电玻璃衬底上,并且在450℃下烧结30min后得到可应用于染料敏化太阳电池的多孔光阳极.将此光阳极浸泡于N719染料敏化后,与镀铂对电极组装电池,两者之间灌入液态电解质,电池的有效面积为0.28 cm2.在标准氙灯模拟器下(AM 1.5,100 roW/cm2)测试r电池的J-V特性,得到2.17%的光电转换效率.     

欠采样包裹相位图的展开算法

利用四种常见算法对由球面参考光像面数字全息显微术得到的中药饮片海金沙细胞的包裹相位图进行了相位解包裹。结果表明：基于离散余弦的最小二乘算法和预条件共轭梯度算法会使欠采样区域的误差进行传递,使得解包裹相位产生较大误差;质量图导向路径跟踪算法由于未识别残差点,导致出现拉线或者孤岛区域,而且处理速度很慢;基于横向剪切干涉的最小二乘算法处理欠采样包裹相位图的效果最好,而且处理速度较快。     

Polyol-thermal synthesis of silver nanowires for Hg<Superscript>2+</Superscript> sensing detection

This study demonstrates a facile but effective polyol-thermal reaction method for the synthesis of silver nanowires in autoclaves (160–180 °C). By this approach, the generated silver nanowires show an average diameter of ~40 nm and length up to tens of micrometers with a high yield and potential for large-scale production. To achieve shape- and size-controlled Ag nanowires, several experimental parameters were investigated and optimized, including surface controller(s), molar ratio of surfactant(s) to silver ions, temperature, and concentration of reactants. The structure and composition of silver nanowires were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. In particular, the twinned crystal structure observed in both spherical particles and nanowires was analyzed by HRTEM technique, and the possible formation and growth mechanisms were discussed. The optical property of the as-prepared product was measured by ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. The sensing detection of metal ions (e.g., Hg²⁺) using the obtained silver nanowires in aqueous media was finally investigated.     

利用自发布里渊散射测量液体声速

为了克服共振干涉法在液体的热力学声速和高频声速测量方面精度不高的问题, 本文建立了一种基于自发布里渊散射原理的测定液体声速的实验装置. 利用法布里-珀罗干涉仪对散射光进行扫描滤波, 数据采集卡结合光子计数器对散射光进行探测, 设计了一种散射光信息采集分析方法. 该实验方法有效的解决了传统布里渊散射方法中信号失真的问题, 显著地提升了液体声速测量精度. 对308.6–906.2 MHz内298.15 K饱和液相CCl₄声速进行了测量, 测量结果与文献值具有较好一致性. 利用法布里-珀罗干涉仪周期性扫描的滤波原理, 通过在测量得到的布里渊频移上加减整数倍个自由波谱区, 得到了更大频率的波谱信息, 进而设计一种测定介质高频声速的方法. 对CCl₄在5406.1–5521.0 MHz频段内的声速进行了测量. 实验结果显示, CCl₄的热力学声速随频率无明显变化, 而高频声速随频率的增大呈增大趋势且远大于热力学声速, 证实CCl₄具有色散现象.     

液体表面张力系数的实验研究

改变液体的浓度可以调控液体的表面张力系数,各种形状膜架的挂膜时间与液体表面张力系数存在着一定的关系,本文对于这两个方面进行了实验研究,得出了相应的结果.此外,溶液的温度和空气的流动对挂膜时间都会产生影响.