Coherence generation and population transfer in a three-level ladder system

This work explores the effect of spontaneous emission on coherence generation and population transfer in a threelevel ladder atomic system driven by two pulses in counterintuitive order.With adiabatic evolution and the weakdephasing approximation,we find that a large coherence and population transfer can be achieved even with spontaneous decay rate.The maximum coherence and population transfer decrease with the increase of spontaneous decay rate from the highest state to intermediate state.But this effect can be compensated by shortening the pulse width and enlarging the delay time.Results show that the coherence generation and population transfer never depend on the spontaneous decay rate from the intermediate state to ground state.The validity of the analytic solution is examined by numerical calculation.     

金纳米棒光学探针应用于过氧化氢检测及多酚化合物的抗氧化活性的评价

以金纳米棒为荧光探针,基于H2O2对金纳米棒的氧化作用,导致金纳米棒的荧光光谱发生变化,建立一种对H2O2检测以及评价多酚化合物抗氧化能力的新方法。采用透射电镜(TEM)和局域表面等离子共振(LSPR)光谱对金纳米棒进行表征。在最佳实验条件下,H2O2氧化金纳米棒使其719 nm处的荧光峰下降,且H2O2浓度在2.0×10#6～3.5×10#5mol/L范围内与荧光强度呈线性关系,检出限为8.0×10#7mol/L(S/N=3)。进一步在该体系中加入多酚化合物,利用其具有清除活性氧的能力,可使金纳米棒的荧光信号的恢复,从而评价化合物的抗氧化能力。以芒果苷(MGF)、白藜芦醇(RSV)、瑞香素(DAP)研究此体系对活性氧的清除作用,抗氧化能力依次为:MGF>RSV>DAP,此结果与DPPH法的检测结果相符。     

导数同步荧光光谱-小波-SGA-LSSVR联用快速测定鸭蛋蛋清中新霉素残留含量

新霉素在巯基乙醇存在的条件下与邻苯二甲醛生成的衍生物具有强荧光特性,可实现鸭蛋蛋清中新霉素残留含量的荧光测定。在模型建立过程中,分析了波长为280～390 nm光谱范围内的三维同步荧光光谱,确定检测鸭蛋蛋清中的新霉素含量的最佳波长差Δλ为110 nm;然后利用db10小波的2层分解对一阶导数同步荧光光谱进行去噪处理,并利用分段遗传算法(SGA)优选出了14个特征波长;最后应用最小二乘支持向量回归(LSSVR)建立了鸭蛋蛋清中的新霉素含量的预测模型,其模型预测集的决定系数(R2)和预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.9671和1.713。结果表明,SGA能有效提取出鸭蛋蛋清中新霉素对应的特征波长,有利于提高LSSVR模型预测精度,可实现鸭蛋蛋清中新霉素残留含量的快速测定。     

一水硫酸氢钠无溶剂催化合成4-甲基香豆素

NaHSO4•H2O(摩尔分数为0.1)催化下, 取代酚与乙酰乙酸乙酯(物质的量比1∶1.2)在无溶剂条件下, 通过Pechmann缩合反应, 合成了9个4-甲基香豆素衍生物, 反应时间3～5 h, 产率23%～91%, 反应条件温和、操作简便有效. 研究结果表明, 当苯酚环上取代基为一个羟基或氨基能显著加速反应, 提高产率, 苯环上更多的取代基则对反应没有促进作用; 当苯酚环上取代基为吸电子基团时, 则不发生反应或者产率很低.     

Chemical constituents of radix Ranunculus ternati

3 Beta-acetoxy-(20S, 22E)-dammaran-22-en-25-ol, a new triterpene, was isolated along with five known triterpenes (ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, betulinic acid, 3-epiocotillol acetate, and dimmarenediol II acetate), and alpha-D-glc and sucrose from Radix Ranunculus ternati All of them, except oleanolic acid and alpha-D-glc, were isolated from the family of Ranunculaceae for the very first time, and the NMR data of sucrose was first described. In addition, the absolute configurations of alpha-D-glc and the glucose component of sucrose were determined.     

Effect of concentration of Er3+ ions on ultra-large index of refraction via atomic coherence in Er3+: YAG crystal

A four-level system is proposed to produce large index of refraction accompanied by vanishing absorption in the Er^{3+}-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) crystal. It is found that the high index of refraction with zero absorption can be provided by adjusting the incoherent pumping, the coherent field, as well as the concentration of Er^{3+} ions in the crystal. Furthermore, the value of the incoherent pump to achieve the high index of refraction with zero absorption is greatly changed with increasing the concentration of Er^{3+} ions in the crystal. This indicates that the effect of concentration on the high index of refraction with zero absorption cannot be neglected.     

Controlled-NOT gate for manipulating photonic polarization states in a two-mode optical cavity

We investigate the coherent interaction between two cavity modes with left or right circular polarizations and a traveling atom in the four-level Y configuration. With large single-photon detunings for both cavity modes and in the presence of a strong classical field, all one-photon and two-photon transitions may be well eliminated so that a close-loop four-photon transition starting from the only populated ground state becomes absolutely dominant. This physical scenario is then exploited to devise an efficient controlled-NOT gate for manipulating polarization states of two intracavity photons. In the Lamb-Dicke limit and in the strong coupling regime, the expected controlled-NOT operation is found to have a rather high gate fidelity and a moderate photon loss.     

Nitrated PAHs in Ambient Air of Hong Kong

Nitrated Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are widespread environment pollutants. Their presence in urban atmosphere, originated primarily from diesel vehicle emissions, is of particular concern because a number of them have been proven to be mutagenic or carcinogenic. Thus, considerable effort has been devoted in recent years on the development of analytical methods for their quantitative measurement.     

混沌系统模型误差平均绝对误差增长过程研究

混沌系统的平均绝对误差增长最初是用来刻画初始值误差增长的,本文依照平均绝对误差增长的定义来研究模型误差的增长过程,获得了一些很有意义的结论．研究发现,在初期模型误差的平均绝对误差增长呈指数级增长,增长指数同模型的扰动相关,与真实系统最大Lyapunov指数没有直接关系．其后模型误差进入非线性增长过程,误差增长放缓,最终达到饱和．误差饱和值恒定,当真实系统和模型系统吸引子差别较小时,模型误差饱和值基本上同真实系统的初始值误差饱和值相等．利用上述研究结论可以求出模型的可预报期限,这在数值天气预报中具有重要的意义．进而利用模型的可预报期限可以对同一真实系统的不同模型进行评价,相对真实系统越精确的模型拥有更高的可预报期限．这对新模型的开发具有很强的指导作用．