Probe gain with population inversion in a four-level atomic system with vacuum-induced coherence

For a four-level atomic system with a doublet of closely spaced levels, we find that, owing to the coherence that results from the vacuum of the radiation field, population trapping at excited levels and probe gain with population inversion can be achieved with weak incoherent pumping. This gain is different from both the conventional lasing gain and gain without inversion in that there exists population inversion on probe transitions but the inversion is achieved by the vacuum-induced coherence.     

绿色简单原位还原制备纳米银/聚乙二醇溶胶

以聚乙二醇[poly（ethyleneglyeol）,PEG]为环境友好还原剂和稳定剂,水为反应介质,采用原位化学还原的方法制备了分散均匀、稳定性好的银/聚乙二醇纳米复合溶胶,重点考察了反应温度、反应时间、PEG的平均分子量等因素的影响,优化了制备条件。采用UV-Vis光谱、透射电子显微镜和原子力显微镜对优化条件下制备纳米复合溶胶的结构和形貌进行了表征,结果表明所得复合溶胶平均粒径在4 nm左右,具有很好的分散性和稳定性,可长期保存。     

P2W18O626-@Tb3+溶液电致变色/荧光开关性质的可逆调控及对H2O2的光谱检测

基于功能互补原理,将Dawson型多阴离子P_2W_(18)O_(62)~(6-)可逆的电致变色性质与Tb~(3+)优异的发光性质相结合,在外加氧化还原电位下实现了P_2W_(18)O_(62)~(6-)@Tb~(3+)混合溶液可逆的电致变色及荧光开关性能,考察外加还原电位对电致变色响应时间及荧光开关能量转移效率的影响,在-0.38、-0.69、-0.85 V下混合溶液的能量转移效率分别为85.97%、87.53%、93.42%。在此基础上,将电化学还原与化学氧化相结合实现了P_2W_(18)O_(62)~(6-)@Tb~(3+)混合溶液对H_2O_2紫外可见、荧光双光谱检测,紫外可见、荧光光谱法对H_2O_2的检出限分别为1.76×10~(-2)、3.04μmol·L~(-1)。     

飞秒脉冲振幅和相位的无干涉条纹重构法测量

对作者所提出的无干涉条纹直接电场重构测量飞秒脉冲的振幅和相位的新方法作出进一步理论分析,并通过实验测量说明该方法的优越性.该方法克服了传统的SPIDER方法的弊病,能得到一组无干涉条纹的图像,排除传统方法必须使用傅里叶变换滤波消除干涉条纹而引进的系统误差,使得该方法能够采用较简便设备且能较准确测量飞秒脉冲强度轮廓和相位.最后给出同一条件下新方法和传统SPIDER方法分别重构的脉冲强度自相关曲线与实验测量结果的比较,以说明新方法的有效性和优越性.关键词：光谱相位相干直接电场重构法飞秒脉冲测量超快信息光学     

本征GaAs中电子自旋极化对电子复合动力学的影响研究

采用时间分辨圆偏振光和线偏振光抽运-探测光谱,研究了9.6 K温度下本征GaAs中自旋极化电子与非极化电子的复合动力学及其随光子能量演化.发现自旋极化对电子复合动力学具有显著影响.仅在导带底附近测量时,两种方法测试到的复合寿命一致,而在高过超能量电子态测量时,两种方法测试到的复合寿命不一致.指出时间分辨法拉第光谱中,用于反演求解电子自旋相干寿命的电子复合寿命应该使用圆偏振光抽运-探测获得的复合寿命,而不是线偏振光抽运-探测获得的寿命.理论计算与实验结果吻合较好.关键词：圆偏振光抽运-探测光谱自旋量子拍自旋极化GaAs     

Coherently induced hole-burnings in a Doppler broadened four-level atomic system

We investigate the absorption spectra of a probe laser in warm rubidium atoms driven into the four-level N configuration. Our numerical calculations show that there are six (two) coherent hole-burnings and one (two) transparency window(s) in the probe absorption spectra, when the perturbing laser co-propagates (counter-propagates) with the probe laser and both coupling and saturating lasers are exactly resonant with their driving transitions. Gradually weakening the perturbing laser, we can dramatically change the probe absorption spectra to observe more coherent hole-burnings and transparency windows as well as the conversion from transparency windows into coherent hole-burnings. Relevant phenomena can be well understood in the dressed state representation.     

研究生复试有机化学实验试题评析

介绍了研究生复试有机化学实验操作试题和评价标准,试题原型为乙酸异戊酯的制备实验。学生对混合样品进行分液、干燥、过滤、蒸馏等操作,记录实验步骤并提供纯净的产品。详细地说明了实验的操作要点,并介绍了学生测试情况。     

Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration of cadmium ions with anionic–nonionic surfactants

Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF), a surfactant-based separation process, is promising in removing multivalent metal ions from aqueous solutions. The micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration of cadmium from aqueous solution was studied in systems of anionic surfactant and mixed anionic/nonionic surfactants. The micelle sizes and zeta potentials were investigated by dynamic light scattering measurements. The effects of feed surfactant concentration, cadmium concentration and the molar ratio of nonionic surfactants to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the cadmium removal efficiency, the rejection of SDS and nonionic surfactants and the permeate flux were investigated. The rejection efficiencies of cadmium in the MEUF operation were enhanced with higher SDS concentration and moderate Cd concentration. When SDS concentration was fixed at 3 mM, the optimal ranges of the molar ratios of nonionic surfactants to SDS for the removal of cadmium were 0.4–0.7 for Brij 35 and 0.5–0.7 for Triton X-100, respectively. With the addition of nonionic surfactants, the SDS dosage and the SDS concentration in the permeate were reduced efficiently.     

多磺化侧链型聚芳醚的合成及性能

本文通过对聚合物的结构设计,采用亲和取代的途径制备了含有甲氧基侧链的聚芳醚聚合物,然后去醚化得到了侧链含有羟基的聚芳醚材料,最后通过接枝的方法将磺酸基团引入聚合物成功的制备出多磺化侧链型聚芳醚质子交换膜材料。此类材料表现出好的热化学稳定性, 80 oC时的质子传导率可达到0.192 S/cm,超过了Nafion 117 薄膜的传导率.同时此类材料表现出低的尺寸稳定性。因此此类材料很有希望在质子交换膜领域得到应用