Multiple ionization effects in M X-ray emission induced by heavy ions

M-shell ionization of tungsten by Ar¹²⁺ ions were investigated in the energy range of 1.2–3.0 MeV. The measurements were also implemented for H, He and Xe ions as a comparative study. A significant shift of the M   X-ray lines to the higher energy side caused by multiple ionizations, which was verified by the analysis of the intensity ratios of Mγ$M_{\gamma }$ and M_αβ$M_{\alpha \beta }$, was observed. The total experimental cross sections of tungsten were compared with the PWBA and ECPSSR theoretical predictions, which are based on two extreme assumptions, namely, single ionization and full ionization.     

Two-photon absorption properties of proquinoidal D-A-D and A-D-A quadrupolar chromophores

We report the synthesis, one- and two-photon absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence, and electrochemical properties of a series of quadrupolar molecules that feature proquinoidal π-aromatic acceptors. These quadrupolar molecules possess either donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) or acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) electronic motifs, and feature 4-N,N-dihexylaminophenyl, 4-dodecyloxyphenyl, 4-(N,N-dihexylamino)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl or 2,5-dioctyloxyphenyl electron donor moieties and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BTD) or 6,7-bis(3',7'-dimethyloctyl)[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline (TDQ) electron acceptor units. These conjugated structures are highly emissive in nonpolar solvents and exhibit large spectral red-shifts of their respective lowest energy absorption bands relative to analogous reference compounds that incorporate phenylene components in place of BTD and TDQ moieties. BTD-based D-A-D and A-D-A chromophores exhibit increasing fluorescence emission red-shifts, and a concomitant decrease of the fluorescence quantum yield (Φ(f)) with increasing solvent polarity; these data indicate that electronic excitation augments benzothiadiazole electron density via an internal charge transfer mechanism. The BTD- and TDQ-containing structures exhibit blue-shifted two-photon absorption (TPA) spectra relative to their corresponding one-photon absorption (OPA) spectra, and display high TPA cross sections (>100 GM) within these spectral windows. D-A-D and A-D-A structures that feature more extensive conjugation within this series of compounds exhibit larger TPA cross sections consistent with computational simulation. Factors governing TPA properties of these quadrupolar chromophores are discussed within the context of a three-state model.     

Nanoisozymes: The Origin behind Pristine CeO2 as Enzyme Mimetics

It is known that the interplay between molecules and active sites on the topmost surface of a solid catalyst determines its activity in heterogeneous catalysis. The electron density of the active site is believed to affect both adsorption and activation of reactant molecules at the surface. Unfortunately, commercial X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which is often adopted for such characterization, is not sensitive enough to analyze the topmost surface of a catalyst. Most researchers fail to acknowledge this point during their catalytic correlation, leading to different interpretations in the literature in recent decades. Recent studies on pristine Cu₂O [Nat. Catal. 2019 , 2, 889; Nat. Energy 2019 , 4, 957] have clearly suggested that the electron density of surface Cu is facet dependent and plays a key role in CO₂ reduction. Herein, it is shown that pristine CeO₂ can reach 2506/1133 % increase in phosphatase-/peroxidase-like activity if the exposed surface is wisely selected. By using NMR spectroscopy with a surface probe, the electron density of the surface Ce (i.e., the active site) is found to be facet dependent and the key factor dictating their enzyme-mimicking activities. Most importantly, the surface area of the CeO₂ morphologies is demonstrated to become a factor only if surface Ce can activate the adsorbed reactant molecules.     

Transitioning Between Tableaux and Spider Bases for Specht Modules

Regarding the Specht modules associated to the two-row partition (n, n), we provide a combinatorial path model to study the transitioning matrix from the tableau basis to the A₁-web basis (i.e. cup diagrams), and prove that the entries in this matrix are positive in the upper-triangular portion with respect to a certain partial order.

     

Uranium sorption from saline lake brine by amidoximated silica

A series of silica sorbents with different content of amidoxime groups were prepared through co-condensation method and applied to extract uranium from saline lake brine. The optimum amidoxime group content was determined and effects of pH on uranium sorption were investigated. Sorption kinetic and isotherms were also investigated. XPS analysis indicated that the adsorption mechanism of uranium was attributed to the interaction between uranyl ion and N in the amidoxime. Amidoximated silica could efficiently absorb the naturally occurring uranium in the saline lake brine samples from Qinghai, China.     

A Molecular Chameleon for Mapping Subcellular Polarity in an Unfolded Proteome Environment

Environmental polarity is an important factor that drives biomolecular interactions to regulate cell function. Herein, a general method of using the fluorogenic probe NTPAN‐MI is reported to quantify the subcellular polarity change in response to protein unfolding. NTPAN‐MI fluorescence is selectively activated upon labeling unfolded proteins with exposed thiols, thereby reporting on the extent of proteostasis. NTPAN‐MI also reveals the collapse of the host proteome caused by influenza A virus infection. The emission profile of NTPAN‐MI contains information of the local polarity of the unfolded proteome, which can be resolved through spectral phasor analysis. Under stress conditions that disrupt different checkpoints of protein quality control, distinct patterns of dielectric constant distribution in the cytoplasm can be observed. However, in the nucleus, the unfolded proteome was found to experience a more hydrophilic environment across all the stress conditions, indicating the central role of nucleus in the stress response process.     

水分散体系中AgBr比表面的测定及晶体习性的确定

照相乳剂的感光特性在很大程度上取决于卤化银微粒的尺寸和晶体习性,因此,比表面的测定和晶格习性的确定一直受到人们的重视。对于比表面,常用电镜法、BET法测定,考虑到一些菁分子饱和吸附干卤化银时,每分子所占据的面积为一定值,有人提出直接采用菁染料吸附法测定比表面。饱和吸附量可采用相分离法和相对较为方便的不必将固体分离出来的现场测定法获得。光谱法用于现场测定,一般采用反射光谱,处理比较麻烦。本文介绍对我们制得的浓度较稀的AgBr水分散体系直接采用透射光谱,不将固体分离而获得     

Generalized Mulliken-Hush analysis of electronic coupling interactions in compressed pi-stacked porphyrin-bridge-quinone systems

Donor-acceptor interactions were investigated in a series of unusually rigid, cofacially compressed pi-stacked porphyrin-bridge-quinone systems. The two-state generalized Mulliken-Hush (GMH) approach was used to compute the coupling matrix elements. The theoretical coupling values evaluated with the GMH method were obtained from configuration interaction calculations using the INDO/S method. The results of this analysis are consistent with the comparatively soft distance dependences observed for both the charge separation and charge recombination reactions. Theoretical studies of model structures indicate that the phenyl units dominate the mediation of the donor-acceptor coupling and that the relatively weak exponential decay of rate with distance arises from the compression of this pi-electron stack.     

加速器生产医用同位素211At及单抗标记

²¹¹At, 半衰期7.2 h, 发射的α粒子具有很高的线性传能密度, 是一种理想的靶向α治疗核素. 利用中国科学院近代物理研究所强流超导直线加速器提供的α束流辐照Bi靶生产²¹¹At, 系统考察了加速器生产²¹¹At的整个流程, 包括加速器辐照、干蒸馏分离、质量分析以及单抗标记. 研究结果表明, 干蒸馏分离²¹¹At的总收率最高达78.53%, 获得的固体²¹¹At产品具有极高的比活度、核纯度以及化学纯度, 其中杂质元素Bi、Cu、Zn、Al含量均低于100 ng/GBq, 且入射粒子能量低于28.2 MeV时, N(²¹⁰At)/N(²¹¹At)值低于10^–5, 研究也实现了²¹¹At在尼妥珠单抗上的标记, 标记率高达94.86%. 基于以上研究我们确立了一套简单、高效的分离方法, 为后续我国²¹¹At的生产和应用奠定了良好基础.     

加速器用无人值守数字示波器设计

为监测离子源加速器故障短路电流和电压波形,给出了一种无人值守数字示波器的方案,其硬件上基于FPGA和单片机,软件上基于LABVIEW。相比于使用泰克示波器的传统方法,该方案有性价比高、轻便、抗强电磁干扰、基于PC远距离监控故障、自动存储故障波形等优点,能良好地模拟数字示波器波形,达到无人值守的效果。