Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of saikosaponins from Bupleurum falcatum with orthogonal array design

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was used to extract saikosaponins a, c and d from the root of Bupleurum falcatum. An orthogonal array design L₉(3)⁴ was employed as a chemometric method for the optimization of the SFE conditions. The effects of four factors including pressure (30–40 MPa), temperature (40–50°C), ethanol concentration (60–100%) and time (2.5–3.5 h) on the yields of saikosaponins were investigated by a preparative SFE system in the SFE mode. Under the optimized conditions, namely 35 MPa of pressure, 45°C of temperature, 80% of ethanol concentration and 3.0 h of time, the yields of saikosaponin c, saikosaponin a, saikosaponin d, total saikosaponins and SFE extract were 0.16, 0.12, 0.96, 1.24 and 16.48 mg/g, respectively. Determinations of the saikosaponins were performed by HPLC.     

数码比色法测定环境及生物样品中的氰化物浓度

在传统氰化物检测方法的基础上,提出了一种新的方法—数码比色法。在一定条件下,苦味酸与氰化物生成黄色化合物,用数码相机对显色溶液拍照,通过数码比色,进行灰度处理,照片的三原色值与氰化物的浓度成线性关系,可以直接分析出其氰化物的浓度。对唾液样品测定,其回收率为98.18%,对照品测定的相对标准偏差RSD为1.5%。研究结果表明,数码比色法具有准确度和精密度都比较理想,方便快速、环境友好等特点。     

大泽山葡萄籽油中脂肪酸成分的GC／MS分析

介绍了用正己烷抽提葡萄籽,然后将油进行皂化,用气相色谱－质谱法测定油中脂肪酸,共检测出１４种脂肪酸,其中亚油酸含量最高,占８６．４８％。     

钇对2618合金组织及性能的影响

采用X射线，光学显微镜及扫描电镜等手段研究了2618合金中的组织与相结构，并研究了元素钆在2618合金中的存在形式及其对合金力学性能的影响。结果表明，微量钆元素在铝合金中是以化合物形式存在的；钆对合金中的铸态组织及Al9FeNi仃形态没有影响。由于微量钆的加入，降低了铜与镁在2618合金中的固溶量，减少了时效析出相A2CuMg数量，从而降低2618合金的室温强度帮在250℃的高温瞬时强度；但由于微量钆减少了铜与镁在2618合金中的扩散速度，延缓了时效机的粗化，并由于第二相数量的增多，因此提高了2618合金在250℃经100h高温热暴露后的高温瞬时强度。     

油溶性缓蚀剂ω,ω’-双(1-辛基苯并咪唑-2-基)烷烃的合成及缓蚀性能研究

合成了系列ω,ω’-双(1-辛基苯并咪唑-2-基)烷烃油溶性缓蚀剂,并通过红外、质谱等进行结构表征。通过恒电位极化曲线,考察了此类缓蚀剂在2×10-4mol/L H2S-乙醇溶液中对铜电极极化曲线的影响。结果表明,此系列油溶性缓蚀剂对铜电极具有明显的缓蚀作用,且对金属铜的缓蚀效率高,作为润滑油添加剂具有很好的应用前景。     

Experimental investigation of secondary reactions of intermediates in delayed coking

We report an experimental investigation of secondary reactions of intermediates in delayed coking. Thermal cracking reactions of intermediates, for example coker naphtha (C₅ ~180?°C), light coker gas oil (LCGO, 180?C350?°C), middle coker gas oil (MCGO, 350?C440?°C), and heavy coker gas oil (HCGO, >440?°C), were investigated. The results reveal that cracking of coker naphtha and LCGO is low under these experimental conditions. Thermal cracking MCGO exceeds that of LCGO. Among all the intermediates, thermal cracking is greatest for HCGO. The secondary reactions of HCGO produce not only gas and liquid products, but also coke. This increase in the yields of gas and coke is attributed to secondary reactions of HCGO and MCGO. Inhibition of the secondary reactions of intermediates results in a greater yield of liquid.     

半花菁衍生物LB膜的光致荧光特性研究

通过改变半花菁的亲水基团与疏水基团而得到了四种半花菁衍生物 ,利用稳态和时间分辨荧光研究了不同亲水基团与疏水基团对半花菁衍生物光学特性的影响.主要包括半花菁衍生物在LB膜中的聚集特性;亲水基团与疏水基团对半花菁衍生物激发态寿命的影响等.     

磁性聚苯胺纳米微球的合成与表征

报道了具有核壳结构的Fe3O4-聚苯胺磁性纳米微球的合成方法和表征结果.微球同时具有导电性和磁性能.在优化的实验条件下,可得到饱和磁化强度Ms为55.4 emu/g,矫顽力Hc为62 Oe的磁性微球.微球的导电性随着微球中Fe含量的增加而下降.微球的磁性能则随着Fe含量的增加而增大.Fe3O4磁流体的粒径和磁性聚苯胺微球的粒径均在纳米量级.纳米Fe3O4粒子能够提高复合物的热性能.实验表明,磁流体和聚苯胺之间可能存在着一定的相互作用,但这种相互作用较为复杂,难于研究     

Reinvestigation of CS2 dissociation at 193 nm by means of product state-selective vacuum ultraviolet laser ionization and velocity imaging

A branching ratio of 1.6 +/- 0.3 for S(3P)/S(1D) is obtained for the dissociation of CS2 with very low fluence 193 nm laser (less than 2 mJ/cm2), in which the S(3P) and S(1D) have been state-selectively ionized using VUV lasers at different wavelengths. The anisotropy parameters betamax(3P) = 0.8 and betamax(1D) = 1.9 indicate that these channels are preferentially populated at different geometries and the lifetime is very short.     

沸石中组装SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+的可调发光现象

首先用溶胶-凝胶法制备符合SrAl2O4：Eu^2 ,Dy^3 化学组成的溶胶,然后通过机械研磨、水热反应和微波加热反应三种不同的组装方法和微波还原扩散法使其进入主体ZSM-5沸石的孔道中。主客体材料的荧光光谱出现显著蓝移,余辉光谱出现400nm和517nm两个发射峰,两个余辉峰的相对发射强度随组装方法和组装浓度的改变而具有可调性,呈现有规律的变化。分析其原因是由于发光材料进入沸石的纳米级孔洞引起的。