全文获取类型
收费全文 | 36083篇 |
免费 | 2306篇 |
国内免费 | 1188篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 24820篇 |
晶体学 | 356篇 |
力学 | 1390篇 |
综合类 | 111篇 |
数学 | 3566篇 |
物理学 | 9334篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 302篇 |
2022年 | 528篇 |
2021年 | 760篇 |
2020年 | 766篇 |
2019年 | 757篇 |
2018年 | 582篇 |
2017年 | 585篇 |
2016年 | 1162篇 |
2015年 | 1019篇 |
2014年 | 1351篇 |
2013年 | 2209篇 |
2012年 | 2770篇 |
2011年 | 2965篇 |
2010年 | 1900篇 |
2009年 | 1665篇 |
2008年 | 2331篇 |
2007年 | 2178篇 |
2006年 | 1978篇 |
2005年 | 1806篇 |
2004年 | 1613篇 |
2003年 | 1295篇 |
2002年 | 1313篇 |
2001年 | 939篇 |
2000年 | 744篇 |
1999年 | 550篇 |
1998年 | 391篇 |
1997年 | 403篇 |
1996年 | 463篇 |
1995年 | 354篇 |
1994年 | 372篇 |
1993年 | 362篇 |
1992年 | 341篇 |
1991年 | 280篇 |
1990年 | 200篇 |
1989年 | 192篇 |
1988年 | 172篇 |
1987年 | 149篇 |
1986年 | 128篇 |
1985年 | 199篇 |
1984年 | 124篇 |
1983年 | 103篇 |
1982年 | 130篇 |
1981年 | 96篇 |
1980年 | 86篇 |
1978年 | 85篇 |
1977年 | 91篇 |
1976年 | 99篇 |
1975年 | 104篇 |
1974年 | 81篇 |
1973年 | 103篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
181.
G. M. Ter-Akopian A. V. Daniel A. S. Fomichev G. S. Popeko A. M. Rodin Yu. Ts. Oganessian J. H. Hamilton A. V. Ramayya J. Kormicki J. K. Hwang D. Fong P. Gore J. D. Cole M. Jandel J. Kliman L. Krupa J. O. Rasmussen I. Y. Lee A. O. Macchiavelli P. Fallon M. A. Stoyer R. Donangelo S. -C. Wu W. Greiner 《Physics of Atomic Nuclei》2004,67(10):1860-1865
Ternary fission of 252Cf was studied at Gammasphere using eight ΔE×E particle telescopes. Helium, beryllium, boron, and carbon light charged particles (LCPs) emitted with kinetic energy more than 9, 21, 26, and 32 MeV, respectively, were identified. The 3368-keV γ transition from the first 2+ excited state in 10Be was found and the population probability ratio N(2+)/N(0+) = 0.160 ± 0.025 was estimated. No evidence was found for 3368-keV γ rays emitted from a triple molecular state. For the first time, charge distributions are obtained for ternary fission fragments emitted with helium, beryllium, and carbon LCPs. 相似文献
182.
Do Young Kim Ji Sim Jung Young Rae Jang Kun Ho Yoo Jin Jang 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》2003,16(3-4):400
We studied the growth of nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) thin film exhibiting a strong room temperature photoluminescence (PL) at 1.81–2.003 eV. The amorphous silicon was crystallized by Ni silicide mediated crystallization (Ni SMC) and then Secco-etched to exhibit the PL. The PL peak energy and intensity increase with increasing the metal density on the a-Si because of the reduction in the grain size down to 2 nm. The photoluminescence energy and peak intensity depend strongly on the Secco etch time because the grain size is reduced by etching the grain boundaries. 相似文献
183.
Seung Min Lee 《Operations Research Letters》2003,31(4):268-272
A continuum structure function is a non-decreasing mapping from the unit hypercube to the unit interval. Within the class of continuum structure functions, new axiomatic characterizations of the Natvig and the Barlow-Wu subclass are obtained. 相似文献
184.
Ha Yong Lee Se Hun Jung Soo Yong Lee Young Ho You Kyung Hyun Ko 《Applied Surface Science》2005,252(5):1891-1898
Al-Al2O3 composite coatings with different Al2O3 particle shapes were prepared on Si and Al substrate by cold spray. The powder compositions of metal (Al) and ceramic (Al2O3) having different sizes and agglomerations were varied into ratios of 10:1 wt% and 1:1 wt%. Al2O3 particles were successfully incorporated into the soft metal matrix of Al. It was found that crater formation between the coatings and substrate, which is typical characteristic signature of cold spray could be affected by initial starting Al2O3 particles. In addition, when the large hard particles of fused Al2O3 were employed, the deep and big craters were generated at the interface between coatings and hard substrates. In the case of pure soft metal coating such as Al on hard substrate, it is very hard to get proper adhesion due to lack of crater formation. Therefore, the composite coating would have certain advantages. 相似文献
185.
1-Propyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C3MIm]Cl) ionic liquid and sulfamic acid (NH2SO3H), as a synergetic catalytic medium, were used for the transesterification of acetoacetate with alcohols of different structures. It shows the good ability for the chemoselective transesterificatin of β-ketoesters and maintains its catalytic activity in the reuse. 相似文献
186.
Logic-Based Modeling and Solution of Nonlinear Discrete/Continuous Optimization Problems 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper presents a review of advances in the mathematical programming approach to discrete/continuous optimization problems.
We first present a brief review of MILP and MINLP for the case when these problems are modeled with algebraic equations and
inequalities. Since algebraic representations have some limitations such as difficulty of formulation and numerical singularities
for the nonlinear case, we consider logic-based modeling as an alternative approach, particularly Generalized Disjunctive
Programming (GDP), which the authors have extensively investigated over the last few years. Solution strategies for GDP models
are reviewed, including the continuous relaxation of the disjunctive constraints. Also, we briefly review a hybrid model that
integrates disjunctive programming and mixed-integer programming. Finally, the global optimization of nonconvex GDP problems
is discussed through a two-level branch and bound procedure. 相似文献
187.
J. Y. Lee J. H. Chang M. Yang H. S. Ahn S. N. Yi K. Goto K. Godo H. Makino M. W. Cho T. Yao J. S. Song 《Current Applied Physics》2004,4(6):611-614
Luminescence properties of CdTe/ZnSe fractional monolayer grown by atomic layer epitaxy have been investigated. To investigate the origin of the highly efficient luminescence, various optical spectroscopic methods such as, photoluminescence (PL), temporal/spatial resolved PL, temperature dependence PL, and excitation power dependence PL have been used. It is found that structural inhomogeneities affect dominant influence on the line width and line shape of luminescence. The luminescence intensity greatly enhanced by the localization of exciton at the disorder induced localized states. 相似文献
188.
Intra and intermolecular interactions of heptasulfur imide (S7NH) are investigated in terms of topological properties analyses, such analyses are applied to both experimental (multipole model) and theoretically calculated (DFT and PDFT calculations) charge densities of the isolated molecule and of the crystal. The same analyses are also applied to a multipole model density obtained from theoretically (PDFT) derived structural amplitudes. The covalent bond character of S-N, N-H and S-S bonds are well described in terms of density, ρb, and total energy density, Hb, at the bond critical point rc, though it is clear that the S-S bonds are weaker shared interactions than those of N-H and S-N bonds. Lone pair electron regions of sulfur and nitrogen atoms are revealed as the local charge concentration site from the Laplacian of charge density. The even weaker intermolecular interactions are well characterized; these include the N-H?S hydrogen bonding, N?S binding interactions and S?S binding interactions. All these intermolecular binding interactions are closed-shell interactions. The Laplacian of charge density demonstrates a directional intermolecular binding interaction. The corresponding intermolecular binding energies are derived by MP2/6-311+G(d,p) calculations. Atomic graph of each atom of the molecule is described in detail by the vertices, edges and faces of the polyhedron around the nucleus to illustrate such directional interactions. 相似文献
189.
190.
Y. S. Hong K. C. Kim V. I. Volkov V. D. Skirda C. -H. Lee 《Applied magnetic resonance》2005,29(2):351-361
The diffusion phenomenon of a nonionic surfactant, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (POE-SMO), micelle in aqueous solution
was investigated by pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG NMR) with a high gradient strength of 17.4 T/m at
the diffusion timet
d varied from 3 to 300 ms. This high gradient strength allowed us to measure the slow self-diffusion coefficient of POE-SMO
micelle, and the short diffusion time below 10 ms showed the restricted diffusion of the micelle. At the shortt
d the self-diffusion of the micelle was restricted and the restricted sizes were 1.8, 1.5, and 0.8 μm for the POE-SMO concentration
of 100, 200 and 300 mM, respectively, and 0.6 μm for the POE-SMO only. The possible reason of this restriction was assumed
to be the formation of a spatial network or a micellar clustering. Furthermore, a proton exchange between water molecule and
surfactant OH group on the micelle surface was proposed. With respect to this proposal, the residence time of the proton at
the micelle surface and the thickness of the surface were investigated from proton self-diffusion coefficients by PFG NMR. 相似文献