Preparation and biological evaluation of radiogallium labeled glucagon for SPECT imaging

In this work, recently prepared ⁶⁷Ga-labeled glucagon (⁶⁷Ga-DTPA-GCG) for imaging studies (radiochemical purity >94%; HPLC, S.A. 296–370 GBq/mM) was used in biological studies. The wild-type rat biodistribution results, 2 h post injection, demonstrated high tissue:muscle ratios for target tissues (liver, kidney, heart, spleen, fat intestine stomach and pancreas), 234, 18.45, 7.12, 1.75, 128.7, 4.9, 6.3 and 1.11, respectively. The tracer binding capacity using freshly prepared rat brain homogenate demonstrated significant specific binding of the tracer to neuronal GCG receptors (⁶⁷Ga-DTPA-GCG/⁶⁷Ga:3 and ⁶⁷Ga-DTPA-GCG/⁶⁷GaDTPA:2.2 at 90 min). SPECT images also demonstrated target specific binding of the tracer at 4 h. The data suggests the tracer is accumulated in GCGR rich tissues 2–4 h post injection, suggesting potentials of the tracer for future imaging studies in glocagonoma models.     

Lyapunov control of squeezed noise quantum trajectory

The quantum trajectory renders the optimal estimation of quantum state. It is a classical Itô stochastic differential equation. The Lyapunov global stabilization problem is solved for squeezed noise quantum trajectory. Lyapunov control stabilizes the quantum system toward one eigenstate. A two-level bistable quantum system is simulated as an example.     

An efficient chemoselective synthesis of O-vinylaryl systems using acetylenic esters and dihydroxybenzenes in the presence of triphenylphosphine or alkyl isocyanides

<正>The addition of 2,4-dihydroxyaceto(and benzo)phenone to propiolic ester is catalyzed by triphenylphosphine or tert-butyl isocyanide to form O-vinyl aryl derivatives in fairly good yields.     

On the hierarchy of cohomological dimensions of groups

Using Auslander’s G-dimension, we assign a numerical invariant to any group Γ. It provides a refinement of the cohomological dimension and fits well into the well-known hierarchy of dimensions assigned already to Γ. We study this dimension and show its power in reflecting the properties of the underlying group. We also discuss its connections to relative and Tate cohomology of groups.     

The effect of the chemical composition and the volume of coated carbonate calcium on epoxy paint properties

Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry - Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used in the paint industry as a white pigment. To reduce the high cost of TiO2, mineral fillers such as different calcites...     

Synthesis of 2-arylbenzimidazoles catalyzed by transition metal nitrates

A simple and practical procedure for synthesis of 2-arylbenzimidazoles by a one-pot condensation of o-phenylenediamine with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of a catalytic amount of M(NO₃)₂·6H₂O (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) in ethanol at room temperature is described. Major advantages of this practical procedure are use of a readily available catalyst, high yields, short reaction times, and simplicity of the reaction and workup.     

Environmentally friendly synthesis of 2-aryl-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones by novel Co-CNTs as recoverable catalysts

The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of using Co-CNTs as a green reaction medium and a catalyst for the cyclo-condensation of o-aminobenzamide with various aldehydes. This inexpensive, non-toxic, and readily available catalyst efficiently catalyzes the above condensation for the synthesis of 2-aryl-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones. Compared to the classical reaction, this is a simple, highly yielding, time saving, and environmentally friendly method.     

Decoration of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with NiO nanoparticles and investigation on their catalytic activity to synthesize pyrimidinone heterocycles

A supported carbon material is shown to be a highly efficient, eco-friendly and recyclable solid acid catalyst for the Biginelli reaction of aldehyde, β-ketoester and urea or thiourea under microwave irradiation in the absence of solvent. This method offers significant advantages such as efficiency, the excellent yield, avoidance of the organic solvents, mild reaction conditions, easy separation and simple operation. In addition, because of employing microwave as heating source and reducing use of organic solvents, this novel method emerges as a green-approach leading to less harmful residues. Furthermore, a mechanism was proposed to rationalize the reaction and the role of NiO–MWCNTs was also investigated in these transformations.