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161.
Buck RT Clarke PA Coe DM Drysdale MJ Ferris L Haigh D Moody CJ Pearson ND Swann E 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2000,6(12):2160-2167
A different approach to the synthesis of dipeptides is described based on the formation of the NHCHR1CONH-CHR2CO bond by carbenoid N-H insertion, rather than the formation of the peptide bond itself. Thus decomposition of triethyl diazophosphonoacetate catalysed by rhodium(II) acetate in the presence of N-protected amino acid amides 8 gives the phosphonates 9. Subsequent Wadsworth-Emmons reaction of 9 with aldehydes in the presence of DBU gives dehydro dipeptides 10. The reaction has been extended to a simple two-step procedure, without the isolation of the intermediate phosphonate, for conversion of a range of amino acid amides 11 into dehydro dipeptides 12 and to an N-methylamide 11 h, and for conversion of a dipeptide to tripeptide (13-->14). Direct conversion, by using methyl diazophenylacetate, of amino acid amides to phenylglycine-containing dipeptides 19 proceeds in good chemical yield, but with poor diastereoselectivity. 相似文献
162.
Jane L. Butcher David J. Byron Avtar S. Matharu Robert C. Wilson 《Liquid crystals》1995,19(3):387-396
Thirty compounds, ten members of each of three homologous series of esters derived from 4-hydroxy-4'-n-octyl-, -nonyl-, and -decyl-biphenyl and the 5-n-alkylthiophene-2-carboxylic acids (methyl through to decyl homologues) have been prepared. The liquid crystal properties of these esters, which show extensive smectic polymorphism, have been investigated by thermal optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and miscibility studies. Four members of the corresponding 4-n-alkylbenzoates have also been prepared in order to compare their liquid crystal behaviour with the 5-n-alkylthiophene-2-carboxylate counterparts: both smectic and nematic thermal stability are higher for the 4-n-alkylbenzoates, by 30.6° and 36.8° C, respectively. 相似文献
163.
Jane Cullum 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》1971,8(1):15-34
An explicit procedure for obtaining discrete approximations to general, nonlinear, fixed-time, continuous, optimal control problems with no intermediate trajectory constraints is presented. It is proved that, if the associated system of differential equations is linear in the control variable, then the optimal solutions of these approximationsconverge to extremals of the original continuous problem. 相似文献
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
Raymond J. Abraham Fahimeh Eivazi R. Nayyir-Mazhir Harry Pearson Kevin M. Smith 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》1978,11(1):52-54
Reproducible proton chemical shifts in the porphyrin series are obtained when the spectrum is measured in chloroform using the zinc (II) complex of the porphyrin in the presence of an excess of pyrrolidine. This method is specifically demonstrated for the case of 2,4-dicyanodeuteroporphyrin-IX dimethyl ester which, as the free base, shows dramatic effects due to aggregation phenomena. The shifts obtained using the zinc (II) complex plus pyrrolidine method, which allow compilation of substituent chemical shifts in the porphyrin series, are shown to be the same as the less easily accessible infinite dilution shifts of the porphyrin free bases. 相似文献
169.
170.
Nassimbeni Luigi R. Niven Margaret L. Stuart Debra A. Zemke Klaus J. 《Journal of chemical crystallography》1986,16(4):557-567
The crystal structure of the 21 channel complex of desoxycholic acid and ethyl acetate has been investigated at 298 and 163 K. The space group isP212121(No. 19) with four molecules of desoxycholic acid in the unit cell. The ethyl acetate molecules are enclathrated along the 21 axes parallel toc and exhibit differing degrees of disorder in the low- and room-temperature structures. Differences in the disorder imply that it is both statistical and dynamic in nature. Our best model for each structure yieldsR=0.064 [R
w
=0.058,w=(
2
F)–1] andR=0.068 [R
w
=0.064,w=(
2
F)
–1
] for the ambient- and low-temperature studies respectively.IUPAC Nomenclature: 3, 12-dihydroxy-5-cholan-24-oic acid. 相似文献