Application of the Barton photochemical reaction in the synthesis of 1-dethia-3-aza-1-carba-2-oxacephem: a novel agent against resistant pathogenic microorganisms

Racemic 7-(phenylacetamido)-1-dethia-3-aza-1-carba-2-oxacephem 3 was synthesized and found to possess antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P, Escherichia coli ATCC 39188, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1101-75 and Klebsiella pneumoniae NCTC 418 as well as the beta-lactamase producing organisms E. coli A9675 and P. aeruginosa 18S-H and the methicillin-resistant organism S. aureus 95. Formation of the carbacephem 3 originated from the Barton photochemical reaction in the conversion of 8 to 10. Intramolecular cyclization of syn-oximino beta-lactam 10 afforded 7-azido-2-oxa-3-azacephem 11, which was reduced and acylated to 12. Enzymatic removal of the methyl group from 12 gave the target molecule 3.     

Optimization of Formulation and Process Variables for the Preparation of Novel Doxorubicin-Loaded Sonosensitive Nanodroplets

In the present study the effect of process (homogenization speed) and formulation (polymer concentration, surfactant concentration, drug amount, perfluorohexane volume fraction and co-surfactant inclusion) variables on particle size, entrapment efficiency, and drug release kinetics of doxorubicin-loaded alginate stabilized perfluorohexane nanodroplets were evaluated. Particle size and doxorubicin entrapment efficiency were highly affected by formulation and process variables. In vitro release profile of doxorubicin from all formulations was an apparently biphasic release process and 7–13 % of drug released from nanodroplets after 24 h incubation in PBS, pH 7.4, depending on the nanodroplets composition but ultrasound exposure for 10 min resulted in triggered release of 85.95 % of doxorubicin fromoptimal formulation (G). The inclusion of Span 60 (0.15 %), Poloxamer 188 (0.15 %) as co-surfactants reduced the particle size of nanodroplets from 51.8 to 42.3 and 35.6 nm, respectively. The entrapment efficiency decreased for span 60, while it did not changed in the case of Poloxamer 188. Comparison of drug release kinetics demonstrated that drug release was delayed for both Span 60 and Poloxamer 188. Thus, it was concluded that the particle size, entrapment efficiency and the doxorubicin release kinetics could easily be adjusted by taking advantage of process and formulation variables.     

聚合诱导自组装制备多腔室囊泡以及成核链段中亲溶剂片段的影响

聚合物纳米材料的形貌对于其性能具有重要的影响, 其中囊泡(特别是多腔室囊泡)由于其具备空心结构备受关注. 聚合诱导自组装(PISA)是一种高效的制备聚合物纳米材料的方法. 然而, 目前利用PISA高效制备多腔室囊泡的报道则相对较少. 本工作中, 以聚乙二醇为大分子可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)试剂(PEG₄₅-PETTC)调控苯乙烯(St)在混合溶剂乙醇/水(质量比7/3)中的RAFT聚合诱导自组装, 成功制备了多腔室囊泡. 同时开展了St和寡聚乙二醇甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯(OEGMA)的RAFT共聚合诱导自组装, 探索在成核链段中引入亲溶剂基元OEGMA对所得纳米材料形貌的影响. 由于聚苯乙烯的链刚性较强, 在聚苯乙烯链段中引入亲溶剂链段来增加成核链段的柔顺性是一种已报道的促进形貌转变的方法. 然而St和OEGMA在混合溶剂乙醇/水(质量比7/3)的聚合诱导自组装体系中, 发现亲溶剂基元(OEGMA)的引入, 导致所得纳米材料的形貌退化. 随着成核链段中亲溶剂基元的增加, 所得纳米材料逐渐由多腔室囊泡转变为单腔室囊泡和球形胶束.     

Determination of Deltamethrin in Water Samples Using Sulfur and Nitrogen Co-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots as a Chemiluminescence Probe

Journal of Analytical Chemistry - The application of sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon quantum dot?potassium permanganate chemiluminescence (CL) system for the determination of trace...     

Application of novel and reusable Fe3O4@CoII(macrocyclic Schiff base ligand) for multicomponent reactions of highly substituted thiopyridine and 4H-chromene derivatives

In this research study we designed and synthesized Co^II(macrocyclic Schiff base ligand containing 1,4-diazepane) immobilized on Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as a novel, recyclable, and heterogeneous catalyst. The nanomaterial was fully characterized using various techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersiveX-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, vibrating sample magnetometry, differential reflectance spectroscopy, Brunauere–Emmette–Teller method, inductively coupled plasma, and elemental analysis (CHNS). Then, the catalytic performance was successfully investigated in the multicomponent synthesis of 2-amino-4-aryl-6-(phenylsulfanyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile and 2-amino-5,10-dioxo-4-aryl-5,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[g]chromene-3-carbonitrile derivatives. Furthermore, the catalyst was isolated using a simple filtration, and recovery of the nanocatalyst was demonstrated five times without any loss of activity.     

Constructing some designs invariant under PSL2(q), q even

In this paper, we use Key-Moori methods 1 and 2 to construct some designs from the maximal subgroups and conjugacy classes of the group PSL₂(q), where q is a power of 2.     

A new and reliable model for predicting methane viscosity at high pressures and high temperatures

In recent years, there has been an increase of interest in the flow of gases at relatively high pressures and high temperatures. Hydrodynamic calculation of the energy losses in the flow of gases in conduits, as well as through the porous media constituting natural petroleum reservoirs, requires knowledge of the viscosity of the fluid at the pressure and temperature involved. Although there are numerous publications concerning the viscosity of methane at atmospheric pressure, there appears to be little information available relating to the effect of pressure and temperature upon the viscosity. A survey of the literature reveals that the disagreements between published data on the viscosity of methane are common and that most investigations have been conducted over restricted temperature and pressure ranges. Experimental viscosity data for methane are presented for temperatures from 320 to 400 K and pressures from 3000 to 140000 kPa by using falling body viscometer. A summary is given to evaluate the available data for methane, and a comparison is presented for that data common to the experimental range reported in this paper. A new and reliable correlation for methane gas viscosity is presented. Predicted values are given for temperatures up to 400 K and pressures up to 140000 kPa with Average Absolute Percent Relative Error (EABS) of 0.794.     

Topology optimization based on the finite cell method

We present an extension of the Finite Cell Method (FCM) to topology optimization utilizing the Fully Stressed Design (FSD) approach. The proposed method is briefly explained in 2D and its potential is demonstrated by means of a linear elastic 3D problem. (© 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Synthesis of multi-wall carbon nanotubes by copper vapor laser

Synthesis of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in a 1473 K furnace using a copper vapor laser (CVL) is reported. The operating parameters of this laser, i.e. a high fluence at the focal point and an extremely high frequency of 10 kHz, distinguished it from common laser sources in the synthesis of CNTs. Therefore, the unexpected experimental findings, the formation of MWNTs instead of the generally reported SWNTs, would be verified by these two notable parameters. Electron microscopy beside Raman spectroscopy illustrates the presence of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in the resulting product.