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71.
Buckley Crist Francis M. Mirabella 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1999,37(21):3131-3140
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) can be used to infer the distribution of lamellar crystal thickness l. For homopolymers, the relation between melting temperature T and thickness is described by the Gibbs relation. In this case the weight distribution function of thickness g(l) ∝ P(T)(T − T)2, where P(T) is DSC power and T is the melting temperature of an infinitely thick crystal. Copolymer melting is affected by the concentration of noncrystallizable comonomer in the melt as well as lamellar thickness. Unknown melt composition in copolymers with nonequilibrium crystallinity makes determination of the correct distribution g(l) from DSC impossible. An approximate distribution g2(l) ∝ P(T)(T − T)2 is proposed, where T is based on Flory's equilibrium crystallization theory. This approximate distribution is most accurate when crystallinity is small, that is, near the upper end of the melting range. Results are reported for polyethylene homopolymer and model ethylene–butene random copolymers. Corrections were not made for distortion of the DSC endotherms by thermal lag or by melting and recrystallization; these experiments are primarily to illustrate the effect of analysis in terms of an incorrect g3(l) ∝ P(T). Average crystal thicknesses are about 20 nm for polyethylene and 5 nm for the copolymers. Distributions are characterized by lw /ln ≤ 1.1 in all cases. Width of the melting range is not a reliable indicator of the breadth of the thickness distribution. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 3131–3140, 1999 相似文献
72.
Matthew R. Buckley Seong Youl Choi Kentarou Mawatari Hitoshi Murayama 《Physics letters. [Part B]》2009
Determining the spin of new particles is critical in identifying the true theory among various extensions of the Standard Model at the next generation of colliders. Quantum interference between different helicity amplitudes was shown to be effective when the final state is fully reconstructible. However, many interesting new physics processes allow only for partial reconstruction. In this Letter, we show how the interference effect can be unambiguously extracted even in processes that have two-fold ambiguity, by considering the correlation between two decay planes in e+e− collisions. 相似文献
73.
Kai Huang Dr. Florence Duclairoir Dr. Tiziana Pro Dr. Julien Buckley Dr. Gilles Marchand Dr. Eugénie Martinez Dr. Jean‐Claude Marchon Dr. Barbara De Salvo Dr. Guillaume Delapierre Dr. Françoise Vinet Dr. 《Chemphyschem》2009,10(6):963-971
The missing link : Ferrocene and porphyrin monolayers are tethered on silicon surfaces with short (see picture, left) or long (right) linkers. Electron transfer to the silicon substrate is faster for monolayers with a short linker.
74.
ColliderBit: a GAMBIT module for the calculation of high-energy collider observables and likelihoods
The GAMBIT Scanner Workgroup: Csaba Balázs Andy Buckley Lars A. Dal Ben Farmer Paul Jackson Abram Krislock Anders Kvellestad Daniel Murnane Antje Putze Are Raklev Christopher Rogan Aldo Saavedra Pat Scott Christoph Weniger Martin White 《The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields》2017,77(11):795
We describe ColliderBit, a new code for the calculation of high energy collider observables in theories of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). ColliderBit features a generic interface to BSM models, a unique parallelised Monte Carlo event generation scheme suitable for large-scale supercomputer applications, and a number of LHC analyses, covering a reasonable range of the BSM signatures currently sought by ATLAS and CMS. ColliderBit also calculates likelihoods for Higgs sector observables, and LEP searches for BSM particles. These features are provided by a combination of new code unique to ColliderBit, and interfaces to existing state-of-the-art public codes. ColliderBit is both an important part of the GAMBIT framework for BSM inference, and a standalone tool for efficiently applying collider constraints to theories of new physics. 相似文献
75.
Kevin Buckley Jemma G. Kerns Anthony W. Parker Allen E. Goodship Pavel Matousek 《Journal of Raman spectroscopy : JRS》2014,45(2):188-192
The decomposition of spatially offset Raman spectra for complex multilayer systems, such as biological tissues, requires advanced techniques such as multivariate analyses. Often, in such situations, the decomposition methods can reach their limits of accuracy well before the limits imposed by signal‐to‐noise ratios. Consequently, more effective reconstruction methods could yield more accurate results with the same data set. In this study we process spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) data with three different multivariate techniques (band‐target entropy minimization (BTEM), multivariate curve resolution and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC)) and compare their performance when analysing a spectrally challenging plastic model system and an even more challenging problem, the analysis of human bone transcutaneously in vivo. For the in vivo measurements, PARAFAC's requirement of multidimensional orthogonal data is addressed by recording SORS spectra both at different spatial offsets and at different anatomical points, the latter providing added dimensionality through the variation of skin/soft tissue thickness. The BTEM and PARAFAC methods performed the best on the plastic system with the BTEM more faithfully reconstructing the major Raman bands and PARAFAC the smaller more heavily overlapped features. All three methods succeeded in reconstructing the bone spectrum from the transcutaneous data and gave good figures for the phosphate‐to‐carbonate ratio (within 2% of excised human tibia bone); the PARAFAC gave the most accurate figure for the mineral‐to‐collagen ratio (20% less than excised human tibia bone). Previous studies of excised bones have shown that certain bone diseases (such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta) are accompanied by compositional abnormalities that can be detected with Raman spectroscopy, the utility of a technique which could reconstruct bone spectra accurately is manifest. The results have relevance on the use of SORS in general. © 2014 Crown copyright. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
76.
77.
Kevin Buckley Pavel Matousek Anthony W. Parker Allen E. Goodship 《Journal of Raman spectroscopy : JRS》2012,43(9):1237-1243
Bone is a composite material comprising a collagen fibril scaffold surrounded by crystals of carbonated‐hydroxyapatite mineral. It is well established that the relative proportions of mineral and collagen in mature bone are not definite and are adapted in order to ‘tune’ its mechanical properties. It is not known, however, how the mineral to collagen ratio is controlled. This paper uses Raman spectroscopy (which permits the probing of both the mineral and the collagen phases of bone) to explore the hypothesis that the control mechanism is related to the nature of the collagen and that bones with different levels of mineralisation have qualitatively different collagen. Raman spectra of functionally adapted bones with varying levels of mineralisation are presented and features that indicate the differences in the collagen's secondary structure (amide I band profiles) and post‐translational modification (hydroxyproline/proline ratios) are highlighted. The study demonstrates that Raman spectroscopy can provide a means to investigate the mechanisms that control the mineral to collagen ratio of bone. Understanding these mechanisms could pave the way towards the therapeutic alteration of the mineral to collagen ratio and, thus, the control of the mechanical properties of bone. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
78.
Long V. Dinh Douglas A. Knight Mark Paskevicius Craig E. Buckley Ragaiy Zidan 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2012,107(1):173-181
Many of the current synthesis methods for aluminum hydride (alane—AlH3) involve reacting AlCl3 and LiAlH4 in solvents. The reaction requires the formation of an alane adduct such as AlH3⋅[(C2H5)2O] prior to obtaining crystallized stable α-AlH3. This process requires several hours of pumping in a vacuum system to remove the ether and convert the alane etherate into
stable α-alane. This crystallization process is both costly and hazardous because a large amount of highly flammable material (e.g.
ether) is removed by vacuum pumps over several hours. Conversely, the work presented herein describes novel methods to synthesize
adduct-free alane. It is demonstrated here that AlH3 can form by mixing AlCl3 and LiAlH4 in the solid state and heating to 75∘C; only α-AlH3 was obtained. The α-AlH3 product can be washed with minimal solvents leading to zero formation of alane adducts. In addition, the unwanted LiCl by-product
is also removed during the solvent wash, resulting in halide-free α-alane. Although simply mixing and heating the reactants led to a 40% yield of alane, having the reactants compacted and mechanically
pressed while heating increases the yield to 60% crystalline α-AlH3. 相似文献
79.
80.
Buckley Crist Costas Metaxas 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(11):2081-2091
Intrinsic true stress–true strain response was evaluated at room temperature for three linear polyethylene samples deformed in conventional tensile tests. It was observed that high crystallinity is associated with a low rate of strain hardening that results in a sharp neck and a large drop in nominal stress. The maximum and minimum deformation loads are accounted for by Considère's analysis of neck initiation and stabilization, respectively. Following stabilization, neck propagation occurs at a load or nominal stress that is lower than the yield stress. The jump analysis of Ericksen and Hutchinson/Neale predicts steady state neck propagation stresses that are in very good (ca. 10%) agreement with experiment. Although the jump analysis is done in terms of uniaxial stress, the actual value of the propagation stress is established by the triaxial stress state in the neck shoulders. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2081–2091, 2004 相似文献