THE PHOTOMORPHOGENETIC CONTROL OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLASTID GLYCERALDEHYDE-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE AND PHOSPHORIBULOKINASE ACTIVITIES IN COTYLEDONS OF MUSTARD SEEDLINGS

The plastid glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoribulokinase of mustard cotyledon extracts were activated by preincubation with ATP and with ATP and dithiothreitol respectively. By in vitro activation prior to assay, it was possible to determine the potential activities, which appear to have been directly proportional to the amount of each enzyme protein present. In this way it was possible to deduce the net synthesis of these two enzymes. The induction of synthesis of glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoribulokinase, by continuous far red or white light were similar hut net synthesis in continuous far red continued longer for glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase than for phosphoribulokinase. The kinetics of the development of the glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase potential activity were very close to those reported by Bruning et al. (1975) for this enzyme. The data do not permit elimination of either the single switch or multiple switches hypotheses for the action of phytochrome. Continuous white illumination gave results similar to those for continous far red for the net synthesis of the two enzymes but it was more effective than far-red in bringing about enzyme activation in vivo.     

An evaluation of cellulose as a substrate for room-temperature phosphorescence

Cotton-linter pulps, wood pulps and several filter papers have been evaluated as substrates for room-temperature phosphorescence. A variety of chemical treatments of one filter paper is discussed in terms of reducing the background phosphorescence of the cellulose and in evaluating possible trace contaminants in cotton fibres. In order to account for uniformity of filter paper used in room temperature phosphorescence, a final evaluation of several different lots of one type of filter paper is presented.     

Effect of air change rate on rubber accelerated ageing tests in hot air. Part 2. Ageing of different compounds

Seven different compounds based on NR, SBR, NBR and EPDM were aged at 100 and 125°C, and 3, 6.5 and 10 changes of air per hour, and in a normal oven at much lower air change rate at 100 °C. Ageing was evaluated by tensile strength, elongation at break, stress at intermediate elongation and changes of IRHD after ageing. The statistical analysis of results shows that air change rate has a significant effect on ageing results.     

Imaging the activity of nitrate reductase by means of a scanning electrochemical microscope

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used to characterize immobilized nitrate reductase (NaR) from Pseudonomonas stutzeri (E.C. 1.7.99.4). Nitrate reductase with membrane fragment was embedded in a polyurethane hydrogel in a capillary and solubilized NaR without membrane fragment was covalently coupled to a diaminoethyl-cellulose-carbamitate film on glass. After systematic studies of possible mediators, SECM feedback imaging of both forms of immobilized NaR was accomplished with methylviologen as redox mediator.     

Analytical potential from ab initio calculations for the Fe+-H2O and Feo-H2O systems

Analytical intermolecular potentials for the Fe⁺?H₂O and Fe^o?H₂O systems have been determined from ab initio calculations. Interaction energies for a lot of points along the two potential energy surfaces were calculated using Huzinga's MINI ?2 basis set. The results obtained were fitted to an analytical function containing 11 adjustable parameters that we have already used with success for the Fe²⁺?H₂O system. The goodness of the generated intermolecular potentials is discussed.     

On air entrainment in coatings

A series of experiments that clarify how air bubbles become entrained into coatings are described. The contact line dynamics at the air-liquid interface surrounding a fiber is characterized for a typical coating die operating under atmospheric and pressurized conditions. Glycerin and other viscous liquids are used to reveal that a critical fiber speed exists at which air entrainment begins. The observations confirm that the critical capillary number Ca(c) depends on the physical properties of the coating material, in the form of the Morton number. When the liquid supply is pressurized, the experiments show that adjusting the pressure can stabilize the displaced free surface interface at a prescribed location. Controlling the meniscus location in this way eliminates air entrainment. The threshold occurs when the applied pressure balances the shear exerted on the coating by the moving fiber. Using this approach it is possible to eliminate air entrainment and attain stable wetting at very large values of the capillary number, e.g., Ca congruent with 50.     

Determination of vanadium by solid-phase spectrophotometry after its preconcentration as an Eriochrome Cyanine R complex on a dextran-type exchanger

A method is described for the determination by solid phase spectrophotometry (SPS) of trace amounts of vanadium in natural water and crude petroleum samples. The procedure is based on fixation on a dextran-type anion exchanger of the complex V(IV)-Eriochrome Cyanine R. The absorbance of the gel, at 563 and 750 nm, packed in a 1 mm cell, is measured directly. Vanadium can be determined in the 0.6-25.0 mug l(-1) range with a relative standard deviation of 2.2%. The comparison of the SPS method and the gallic acid persulphate method shows that the linearity, analytical sensitivity and precision were better for the SPS method, and that the latter method has lower detection and quantification limits than the gallic acid persulphate method.     

Iodine(V) reagents in organic synthesis. Part 3. New routes to heterocyclic compounds via o-iodoxybenzoic acid-mediated cyclizations: generality, scope, and mechanism

The discovery and development of the o-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) reaction with certain unsaturated N-aryl amides (anilides) to form heterocycles are described. The application of the method to the synthesis of delta-lactams, cyclic urethanes, hydroxy amines, and amino sugars among other important building blocks and intermediates is detailed. In addition to the generality and scope of this cyclization reaction, this article describes a number of mechanistic investigations suggesting a single electron transfer from the anilide functionality to IBX and implicating a radical-based mechanism for the reaction.     

The pH-dependent role of superoxide in riboflavin-catalyzed photooxidation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine

[reaction: see text]. The riboflavin-catalyzed photooxidation of 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine generates a radical intermediate that is competitively trapped by H(2)O, O2(-)(*), or O(2). The products of H(2)O trapping have been previously described as the spiroiminodihydantoin (pH >or= 7) and iminoallantoin/guanidinohydantoin (pH < 7) nucleosides. Trapping by O2(-)(*) leads to the oxaluric acid (pH or= 8.6) pathways (R' ', R' ' = H or 2,3,5-tri-O-Ac-ribofuranosyl). The pH-dependent role of superoxide was probed using Mn-SOD and compared to guanosine and 8-methoxyguanosine photooxidation.     

Rare earth element patterns in biotite muscovite and tourmaline minerals

Rare earth element concentrations in the minerals biotite and muscovite from the mica schist country rocks of the Etta pegmatite and tourmalines from the Bob Ingersoll pegmatite have been measured by INAA and CNAA. The concentrations range from 10^–4 g/g to 10^–10 g/g. The REE patterns of biotite, muscovite and tourmaline reported herein are highly fractionated from light to heavy REE. The REE concentrations in biotite and muscovite are high and indigenous. The pegmatite tourmalines contain low concentrations of REE. Variations in tourmaline REE patterns reflect the geochemical evolution of pegmatite melt/fluid system during crystallization.Work supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830.