全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3581篇 |
免费 | 180篇 |
国内免费 | 94篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2265篇 |
晶体学 | 53篇 |
力学 | 165篇 |
综合类 | 6篇 |
数学 | 723篇 |
物理学 | 643篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 57篇 |
2022年 | 92篇 |
2021年 | 116篇 |
2020年 | 136篇 |
2019年 | 117篇 |
2018年 | 112篇 |
2017年 | 81篇 |
2016年 | 147篇 |
2015年 | 117篇 |
2014年 | 144篇 |
2013年 | 287篇 |
2012年 | 243篇 |
2011年 | 278篇 |
2010年 | 175篇 |
2009年 | 160篇 |
2008年 | 222篇 |
2007年 | 204篇 |
2006年 | 181篇 |
2005年 | 179篇 |
2004年 | 136篇 |
2003年 | 125篇 |
2002年 | 107篇 |
2001年 | 65篇 |
2000年 | 35篇 |
1999年 | 42篇 |
1998年 | 33篇 |
1997年 | 32篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 24篇 |
1994年 | 20篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 16篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1940年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有3855条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
101.
Imaging of Colorectal Cancers Using Activatable Nanoprobes with Second Near‐Infrared Window Emission 下载免费PDF全文
Ge Xu Qinglong Yan Xiaoguang Lv Prof. Ying Zhu Kai Xin Ben Shi Rongchen Wang Jian Chen Wei Gao Prof. Ping Shi Prof. Chunhai Fan Prof. Chunchang Zhao Prof. He Tian 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(14):3626-3630
Fluorescent probes in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) allow high‐resolution bioimaging with deep‐tissue penetration. However, existing NIR‐II materials often have poor signal‐to‐background ratios because of the lack of target specificity. Herein, an activatable NIR‐II nanoprobe for visualizing colorectal cancers was devised. This designed probe displays H2S‐activated ratiometric fluorescence and light‐up NIR‐II emission at 900–1300 nm. By using this activatable and target specific probe for deep‐tissue imaging of H2S‐rich colon cancer cells, accurate identification of colorectal tumors in animal models were performed. It is anticipated that the development of activatable NIR‐II probes will find widespread applications in biological and clinical systems. 相似文献
102.
Transient‐Ligand‐Enabled ortho‐Arylation of Five‐Membered Heterocycles: Facile Access to Mechanochromic Materials 下载免费PDF全文
Bijin Li Kapileswar Seth Ben Niu Lei Pan Huiwen Yang Prof. Dr. Haibo Ge 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(13):3401-3405
Reported herein is the first example of a direct arylation of heteroarenes by a transient‐ligand‐directed strategy without the need to construct and deconstruct the directing group. A wide range of heteroarenes undergoes the coupling with diverse aryl iodides to assemble a large library of highly selective and functionalized 3‐arylthiophene‐2‐carbaldehydes. This route provides an opportunity to rapidly access new mechanofluorochromic materials. Moreover, a novel strategy for mechanochromic luminogens with chromism trends of red‐ and blue‐shifts has been disclosed for the first time by facile functional‐group modifications to a common structural core. 相似文献
103.
Selective Reductive Elimination at Alkyl Palladium(IV) by Dissociative Ligand Ionization: Catalytic C(sp3)−H Amination to Azetidines 下载免费PDF全文
Manuel Nappi Chuan He William G. Whitehurst Ben G. N. Chappell Prof. Dr. Matthew J. Gaunt 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(12):3178-3182
A palladium(II)‐catalyzed γ‐C?H amination of cyclic alkyl amines to deliver highly substituted azetidines is reported. The use of a benziodoxole tosylate oxidant in combination with AgOAc was found to be crucial for controlling a selective reductive elimination pathway to the azetidines. The process is tolerant of a range of functional groups, including structural features derived from chiral α‐amino alcohols, and leads to the diastereoselective formation of enantiopure azetidines. 相似文献
104.
Giuseppa Di Bella Patrizia Licata Vito Pellizzeri Hedi Ben Mansour Giacomo Dugo 《Natural product research》2018,32(12):1402-1406
Two species of edible clams Venerupis aurea laeta and Cerastoderma edule glaucum from Ganzirri Lake (Sicily, Italy) were investigated to determine OCP and PCB residues by GC-MS. Thirty-five samples were examined for two years in order to perform: a) their actual contamination; b) the daily dietary exposure of seafood consumers to the pollutants in question. In all the clams analysed in this study, PCB and OCP (4,4′-DDE) residues are always below the limits fixed by law. It seems that there is some seasonality of concentrations observed. In fact the more high concentrations of residues are detected in the hot months, for both species and years. Given the consumption of clams and the values obtained in this study for the two species analysed, it is possible estimate that the average daily dietary intake of NDL-PCB and of 4,4′-DDE for adults is really low. 相似文献
105.
106.
The large ring cyclodextrins (with more than 8 glucose units) existence was first described in the 1950s. Because of their hard purification and low yield, these molecules were little studied until recently. Since large ring cyclodextrins have unique structures compared to α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrin, they could offer new opportunities for specific host-guest complex and thus enlarge the area of cyclodextrin applications. This paper gives a literature survey regarding the synthesis, the purification and the applications of cyclodextrins containing more than eight glucose units. 相似文献
107.
Hosni K Msaâda K Ben Taârit M Chahed T Marzouk B 《Natural product communications》2011,6(11):1731-1734
The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of the Tunisian Hypericum perforatum and H. ericoides ssp. roberti was elucidated by a combination of GC and GC-MS analyses. The main constituents of the oil of H. perforatum were alpha-pinene (11.8%), alpha-ylangene (10.4%), germacrene-D (9.5%), n-octane (6.5%) and alpha-selinene (5.9%). The oil of H. ericoides ssp. roberti exhibited a higher amount of aliphatic and branched hydrocarbons and the main constituents were n-octane (29.1%), alpha-pinene (10.9%), pulegone (7.7%) and acetophenone (7%). Both qualitative and quantitative differences were observed between the studied oils. This chemical variability seems likely to result from the genetic variability, since samples of both species were collected at the same location and processed under the same conditions. 相似文献
108.
Ahmed Oueslati Hatem Ben Romdhane Vincent Martin Fréderic Schiets Régis Mercier Refaât Chaâbouni 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2011,49(9):1988-1998
A novel pentamethylated norbornadiene (NBD) based dianhydride, α,α′‐bis‐(3,4,5,6,7‐pentamethylcyclopenta‐2,4‐dienyl)meta‐xylene‐1,2‐dianhydride (3), was prepared from α,α′‐bis‐(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)meta‐xylene (1) and acetylene dicarboxylic acid. The bis‐adduct formed via Diels–Alder reaction afforded tetra‐acid (2), which was chemically cyclodehydrated to lead the targeted dianhydride (3). New polyimides containing NBD moieties in the main chain were prepared from the dianhydride monomer (3) and various aromatic diamines. The chemical structure of the polymers was confirmed by both 1H and 13C NMR analysis. Their Molecular weights were also measured by SEC. All of these polyimides are soluble at room temperature in common organic solvents, such as chloroform, dichloromethane, THF, DMSO, DMF, and NMP, and show good thermal stabilities. The photochemical isomerization of the NBD into quadricyclane (QC) was investigated by UV/vis spectrophotometry from polymer films using visible sunlight as irradiation source. It was found that the kinetic rate of the conversion NBD‐QC which proceeded smoothly is a first kinetic order. The stored energies released by the transformation of QC groups into NBD ones of the irradiated polymer films were also evaluated by DSC measurement and were found to be around 90 kJ mol?1. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011 相似文献
109.
Two nickel(II) complexes of {2‐[C3HN2(R1)2‐3,5]}[C(R2)?N(C6H3iPr2‐2,6)]NiBr2 (complex 1 : R1 = CH3, R2 = 2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl; complex 2 : R1 = R2 = Ph) were synthesized and characterized. The solid‐state structure of complex 1 has been confirmed by X‐ray single‐crystal analysis. Activated by methylaluminoxane (MAO), complexes 1 and 2 are capable of catalyzing the polymerization of norbornene with moderate activities [up to 10.56 × 105 gPNBE (mol Ni h)?1] with high molecular weights (Mw?13.56 × 105 g mol?1) and molecular weight distributions were around 2. The influences of polymerization parameters such as reaction temperature and Al–Ni molar ratio on catalytic activity and molecular weight of the polynorbornene were investigated in detail. The obtained polynorbornenes were characterized by means of 1H‐NMR and FTIR techniques. The analytical results of polymer structures indicated that the norbornene polymerization is vinyl‐type polymerization rather than ROMP. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
110.
I. Bouchoucha F. Ben Azzouz M. Annabi M. Zouaoui M. Ben Salem 《Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications》2010,470(4):262-268
The effect of nano-size Zn0.95Mn0.05O and ZnO (30 nm) addition on the microstructure and the normal state transport properties of polycrystalline YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO) was systematically studied. Samples were synthesized in air using a standard solid state reaction technique by adding nano-sized particles up to 10 wt.%. When Zn0.95Mn0.05O and ZnO are added to the YBCO the orthorhombic structure maintained even at the highest concentration. TEM and EDS analyses show the presence of inhomeginities embedded in the superconducting matrix. To interpret the normal state properties of the samples, the percolation theory based on localized states is applied. A cross-over between variable-range hopping and Coulomb gap mechanisms is observed as a result of increasing the nano-particles concentration. The ZnO addition modifies the electrical behavior of samples from metallic to insulating with a much lower concentration comparatively to Zn0.95Mn0.05O addition. The calculated values of the localization length, d, are greater in the case of Zn0.95Mn0.05O addition. This result can be interpreted by the internal structure defects. 相似文献