In vitro evaluation of radiolabeled (125I) methanol extracts of yarrow in cell lines of MCF-7, PC-3, A-549 and Caco-2

Nowadays, cancer is still the second leading cause of death all over the world. Therefore, natural products which have anticancer and antitumor properties are come into prominence. Achillea family is known with anticancer and antitumor activity. Yarrow which has over a hundred bioactive compounds is a member of Achillea family. In current study; components of yarrow which was obtained after methanol extraction and purification were radiolabeled with ¹²⁵I and effects of these radiolabeled components on the cells were examined with using Caco-2, MCF-7, A-549, PC-3 cell lines. As a result of these studies, seven peaks were obtained and the highest radiolabeling yield was calculated for ¹²⁵I radiolabeled Peak 7 (95.00 ± 7.07, n = 4). To screen the biological properties of these radiolabeled peaks at determined cell lines, our ongoing effort was to evaluate incorporation percentage with time dependent. Furthermore, ¹²⁵I-Peak 7 had highest incorporation ratio for whole cell lines and its incorporation percentage was increased with time dependent. Results of these in vitro studies were compatible with previous in vivo studies and traditional use of yarrow plants.     

Generation of acyl anion equivalents from acylphosphonates via phosphonate-phosphate rearrangement: a highly practical method for cross-benzoin reaction

[reactions: see text] Acylphosphonates are potent acyl anion precursors that generate acyl anion equivalents under the promotion of cyanide anion via phosphonate-phosphate rearrangement. These anions readily react with aldehydes to provide cross-benzoin products. In this way it is possible to synthesize a variety of aromatic-aromatic, aromatic-aliphatic, and aliphatic-aromatic benzoins. Moreover the reaction of benzoylphosphonate with potent electrophile 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone provided the corresponding aldehyde-ketone coupling product in high yield.     

Competing pathways in the [2 + 2] cycloadditions of cyclopentyne and benzyne. A DFT and ab initio study

The [2 + 2] cycloadditions of cyclopentyne and benzyne to ethylene are explored at the B3LYP and CASSCF levels, supplemented by CCSD(T) and CAS-MP2 calculations at the stationary points. The biradical path in the benzyne system is computed to be about 4.1 kcal/mol lower than the concerted path, consistent with the experimentally observed loss of original stereochemistry in this cycloaddition. However, computations fail to confirm the 99% stereoretention in the corresponding reaction of cyclopentyne. The concerted and biradical paths in the latter reaction are found to involve nearly isoenergetic barriers, thus predicting only about 75% stereoretention. More sophisticated theoretical methods seem to be needed to resolve the issue in the cyclopentyne system.     

Synthesis and polymerizations of phosphonated‐bis(methacrylamide)s for dental applications

Novel phosphonate and phosphonic acid‐containing bis(methacrylamide)s were synthesized. The phosphonate‐containing monomers ( 1a and 1b ) were synthesized by amidation of 2‐(2‐chlorocarbonyl‐allyloxymethyl)‐acryloylchloride with diethyl 2‐aminoethylphosphonate and diethyl 1‐aminomethylphosphonate. The phosphonic acid‐containing monomers ( 2a and 2b ) were synthesized by hydrolysis of 1a and 1b with trimethylsilyl bromide (TMSBr). All monomers were liquids and dissolved in water and ethanol. Thermal homopolymerization of 1a and 1b in bulk and solution using 2,2′‐azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) at 80 °C gave crosslinked polymers indicating low cyclization tendencies of these monomers. They were also homopolymerized using photo‐DSC with 2,2′‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenyl acetophenone (DMPA) as photoinitator, and their maximum rates of polymerization were found to be higher than commercial monomers 2,2‐bis[4‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloyloxy propyloxy) phenyl] propane (Bis‐GMA) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), indicating their potential as reactive diluents or crosslinkers in dental materials. In fact, copolymerization with monomer 1a resulted in improvements in photopolymerization kinetics of both Bis‐GMA and HEMA. The acidic nature of the aqueous solutions (pH of 2a : 1.42, 2b : 1.53), stability under aqueous conditions after 1 month of study at 37 °C, interaction of 2a with hydroxyapatite (HAP) as representative of both monomers, and copolymerizability of the same with HEMA make these monomers suitable as adhesive monomers in dental adhesives, although their low observed reactivities may present a drawback. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012     

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Oleic Acid‐Capped CdS,CdSe, and CdS0.75Se0.25 Alloy Nanocrystals

Photocatalytic generation of hydrogen by using oleic acid‐capped CdS, CdSe, and CdS_0.75Se_0.25 alloy nanocrystals (quantum dots) has been investigated under visible‐light irradiation by employing Na₂S and Na₂SO₃ as hole scavengers. Highly photostable CdS_0.75Se_0.25 alloy nanocrystals gave the highest hydrogen evolution rate (1466 μmol h^?1 g^?1), which was about three times higher than that of CdS and seven times higher than that of CdSe.     

Amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol) gels and their swelling features

This article describes the preparation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) ‐based gels for removal of both organic solvents and water through a clean synthesis process without using any initiator, catalyst, activator, or liquid medium. The synthesis of the gels is based on the condensation of different molecular weights of PEG macromolecules with the nine‐functional crosslinker tris[3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] isocyanurate (ICS). Solid‐state ¹³C and ²⁹Si cross‐polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and elemental analysis were used to characterize the prepared sorbents. Thermal properties of the synthesized sorbents were examined using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The swelling capacities of the sorbents were determined by swelling tests in dichloromethane (DCM), tetrahydrofuran (THF), benzene, acetone, and toluene. The water absorbency of the PEG‐based sorbents is also investigated. The effect of the reaction time and reaction temperature on swelling features of the sorbents was studied systematically. The prepared PEG gels have high swelling ratios both in polar and nonpolar solvents. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determination of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Plant Samples by Spectrometric Techniques in Turkey

Abstract:

Heavy metals are significant and extremely persistent environmental pollutants and their toxicity is a problem of increasing significance for ecological, nutritional, and environmental reasons. Biomonitoring methods are gaining more importance because they allow for prediction, detection, and control of potential environmental hazards caused by heavy metal pollution. The objective of the present study was to collect and analyze research on heavy metal accumulation in plant samples using spectrometric detection techniques in Turkey published between 2003 and 2013. Five main criteria were predetermined to limit the study and better portray the studies on heavy metal accumulation using plant samples in Turkey. These criteria were as follows: studies aiming to determine heavy metal accumulation levels, studies sampling plant species growing at various localities in Turkey, studies using spectrometric detection techniques, studies published as journal articles, and studies undertaken between 2003 and 2013. Consequently, 47 studies that satisfied all criteria were considered and selected for this investigation. A content analysis method was used for the review and analysis of the selected studies. The results of the review analysis were grouped under three categories and the findings obtained in this scope were presented.     

Sensitivity analysis for estimation of power losses in magnetic cores using neural network

Experimental data from a sample of 42 cores made from grain oriented 0.27 mm thick 3% SiFe electrical steel with dimensions ranging from 35 to 160 mm outer diameter, 25-100 mm inner diameter and 10-70 mm strip width and a flux density range 0.2-1.7 T have been obtained at 50 Hz and used as training data to a feed forward neural network. An analytical equation for prediction of power loss as depends on input parameters from the results of sensitivity analysis has been obtained. The calculated power losses with the analytical expression have also been compared with power loss obtained from the Preisach model after it has been applied to toroidal cores. The results show the proposed model can be used for estimation of power losses in the toroidal cores.