Connecting the Dots: Mott for Emulsions,Collapse Models,Colored Noise,Frame Dependence of Measurements,Evasion of the “Free Will Theorem”

We review the argument that latent image formation is a measurement in which the state vector collapses, requiring an enhanced noise parameter in objective reduction models. Tentative observation of a residual noise at this level, plus several experimental bounds, imply that the noise must be colored (i.e., non-white), and hence frame dependent and non-relativistic. Thus a relativistic objective reduction model, even if achievable in principle, would be incompatible with experiment; the best one can do is the non-relativistic CSL model. This negative conclusion has a positive aspect, in that the non-relativistic CSL reduction model evades the argument leading to the Conway–Kochen “Free Will Theorem”.     

Modulable and Highly Diastereoselective Carbometalations of Cyclopropenes

The copper‐catalyzed carbomagnesiation reaction of cyclopropenyl esters 1 leads to various substituted cyclopropanes species 3 in good yields with very high diastereoselectivities. The reaction proceeds through a syn‐chelated carbomagnesiation reaction and could be extended to various cyclopropenylmethyl ester derivatives 5 . The potential of this approach was illustrated by the preparation of two consecutive all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters. However, the carbometalation reaction needs to be performed at temperature ranging from ?35 to ?20 °C to avoid subsequent fragmentation reaction into stereodefined β,γ‐nonconjugated unsaturated esters 4 . Alternatively, the carbocupration reaction with organocopper species could also be performed to leads to configurationally stable cyclopropyl copper species 2[Cu] . Additionally, when the Lewis acid character of the copper center is decreased (i.e., RCuCNLi), the reaction proceed with an anti‐selectivity. The diastereodivergent behavior of these organometallic species is of synthetic interest, since both diastereomers syn‐ 3 and anti‐ 3 can be obtained, at will, from the same precursor cyclopropenyl esters 1 .     

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF CLAY/POLY(N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE-co-ACRYL AMIDE)NANOCOMPOSITE HYDROGELS

Polymer hydrogels as a kind of soft materials have attracted increasing scientific and technological interest in past several decades. These materials have been applied widely in many fields [1], such as molecular filter [2,3], superabsorbent [4], and contact lenses [5] etc. However, synthetic polymeric hydrogels are seldom used as mechanical devices due to the lack of mechanical strength. Therefore, it is very imperative to improve their mechanical properties for wider use of polymeric hydrog…     

The active centres' nature in anionic polymerization of polar monomers

In the anionic polymerization of polar monomers the nature of active centres is considerably influenced by the reaction conditions. In a survey, the present state of knowledge is represented and discussed for the polymerization of acrylonitrile. Analogous problems of methyl methacrylate and vinylpyridine polymerization are included in the considerations.     

Highly Efficient Trityl-Nitroxide Biradicals for Biomolecular High-Field Dynamic Nuclear Polarization

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a powerful method to enhance the sensitivity of solid-state magnetic nuclear resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy. However, its biomolecular applications at high magnetic fields (preferably>14 T) have so far been limited by the intrinsically low efficiency of polarizing agents and sample preparation aspects. Herein, we report a new class of trityl-nitroxide biradicals, dubbed SNAPols that combine high DNP efficiency with greatly enhanced hydrophilicity. SNAPol-1, the best compound in the series, shows DNP enhancement factors at 18.8 T of more than 100 in small molecules and globular proteins and also exhibits strong DNP enhancements in membrane proteins and cellular preparations. By integrating optimal sensitivity and high resolution, we expect widespread applications of this new polarizing agent in high-field DNP/ssNMR spectroscopy, especially for complex biomolecules.     

Newton's method on Riemannian manifolds and a geometric model for the human spine

To study a geometric model of the human spine we are led tofinding a constrained minimum of a real valued function definedon a product of special orthogonal groups. To take advantgeof its Lie group structure we consider Newton's method on thismanifold. Comparisons between measured spines and computed spinesshow the pertinence of this approach.     

Generalized One-Sided Laws for the Larger Observations of a Triangular Array

Consider independent and identically distributed random variables {X,X _nj , 1jn,n1} with density f(x)=px ^–p–1 I(x1), where p>0. We show that there exist unusual generalized Laws of the Iterated Logarithm involving the larger order statistics from our array.     

Emission of light charged particles in the reactions of 120 MeV 20Ne with 27Al

The emission of H and He isotopes in the reactions of 120 MeV ²⁰Ne with ²⁷A1 has been studied using light particle-heavy ion coincidence measurements. The energy spectra and angular correlations of the light particles emitted in coincidence with products of $\text{Z ≧ 14}$ agree well with the predictions of the statistical model applied to the decay of the compound nucleus ⁴⁷V. Results on α-particle emission associated with deep inelastic reactions leading to carbon and oxygen products are also reported.