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91.
Processes of thermal desorption of oxygen molecules and water from BaCe1–x M x O3–δ, where M= Nd, Sm, and Gd, presintered in air at the temperature of 650°C are studied. It is found that oxygen is desorbed only from neodymium–doped barium cerate and is almost not evolved from barium cerate doped by samarium and gadolinium. The amount of desorbed oxygen features a square dependence on cationic doping by neodymium. At similar degrees of cationic doping, the amount of water desorbed from neodymium–doped barium cerate is always lower than that from the cerate doped by samarium and gadolinium. The obtained experimental data on thermal desorption and analysis of literature data served as a basis for the conclusion as to the mixed valency of neodymium Nd(III)–Nd(IV) in BaCe1–x Nd x O3–δ. In this case, at similar doping degrees x, the hydration degree of BaCe1–x Nd x O3–δ is lower and the oxygen index is higher than in BaCe1x (Sm,Gd) x O3–δ. The differences become more pronounced at high degrees of cationic doping and must decrease at an increase in temperature.  相似文献   
92.
Metal molybdates MMoO4 (M = Ca, Sr) and their composites with vanadium oxide V2O5 were synthesized. An X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the obtained molybdates were single-phase, and the heterogeneous systems were two-phase. The temperature dependences of the total conductivity of the composites were studied. The ion transport numbers in the {CaMoO4 · xV2O5} composites (x = 1–30 mol %) were studied by the EMF method. The conductivity of the composites at x ≤ 5 mol % was shown to be ionic. The conductivity of the composites was described using the mixing equation.  相似文献   
93.
With recent advances in understanding the genomic underpinnings and oncogenic drivers of pathogenesis in different subtypes, it is increasingly clear that proper pretreatment diagnostics are essential for the choice of appropriate treatment options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tumor tissue preservation in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound is commonly used in the surgical suite. However, proteins recovered from OCT-embedded specimens pose a challenge for LC-MS/MS experiments, due to the large amounts of polymers present in OCT. Here we present a simple workflow for whole proteome analysis of OCT-embedded NSCLC tissue samples, which involves a simple trichloroacetic acid precipitation step. Comparisons of protein recovery between frozen versus OCT-embedded tissue showed excellent consistency with more than 9200 proteins identified. Using an isobaric labeling strategy, we quantified more than 5400 proteins in tumor versus normal OCT-embedded core needle biopsy samples. Gene ontology analysis indicated that a number of proliferative as well as squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) marker proteins were overexpressed in the tumor, consistent with the patient’s pathology based diagnosis of “poorly differentiated SqCC”. Among the most downregulated proteins in the tumor sample, we noted a number of proteins with potential immunomodulatory functions. Finally, interrogation of the aberrantly expressed proteins using a candidate approach and cross-referencing with publicly available databases led to the identification of potential druggable targets in DNA replication and DNA damage repair pathways. We conclude that our approach allows LC-MS/MS proteomic analyses on OCT-embedded lung cancer specimens, opening the way to bring powerful proteomics into the clinic.
Graphical Abstract ?
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94.
The generalized Mie theory has been employed to calculate extinction coefficients κ for isolated gold nanoparticles of different sizes (4–80 nm) and their dimers (κ2) at the maximum of the short-wave plasmon resonance band. It has been found that the value of κ2 essentially depends on both interparticle distance s and particle sizes R. According to the character of variations in the κ2(s) dependence, three ranges of the distances are distinguished, i.e., large, intermediate, and small. In the first range, the κ2 values slightly differ from doubled κ values. Nevertheless a tendency toward an increase in κ2 is distinctly seen as the particles approach each other, and, within some range of s values and for particles with radii R < 15 nm, κ2 is higher than 2κ. For dimers of larger particles, κ2 < 2κ, with its value gradually decreasing with a reduction in the s value. The behavior changes when the particle sizes are of about 50 nm. In the range of small interparticle distances, κ2 values slightly vary with the distance between the particles somewhat decreasing or oscillating with a small amplitude about some mean value. In this range, as the sizes of the gold particles grow, the extinction coefficients of dimers increasingly deviate from the sum of the extinction coefficients of the particles composing the dimers. For 20–80 nm nanoparticles, the size-dependence plotted for the extinction efficiency of dimers in logarithmic coordinates within the range of small interparticle distances is described by a straight line, the slope of which (1.036 ± 0.039) appears to be somewhat smaller than the slope of a corresponding line for individual gold particles (1.274 ± 0.014). The ratio between κ2 and κ predetermines the character of variations in the optical factor as depending on the particle size and the interparticle distance and governs the behavior of the sol turbidity at the stage of nanoparticle dimerization.  相似文献   
95.
Variations in the aggregation number of spherical micelles are considered within the micellization theory based on the law of mass action. The mechanism of micellization in a polydisperse aggregated system and the transition to a monodisperse model are explained. A relation between aggregation numbers and chemical potentials of molecules or ions is determined using the curve for equilibrium distribution of aggregates over the aggregation numbers. It is shown that the aggregation numbers of nonionic surfactants unambiguously grow with concentration; however, such a conclusion cannot be drawn for ionic surfactants. For the explicit concentration dependence of the aggregation number, two versions of an analog of the Langmuir equation are proposed to be used, i.e., versions comprising the total surfactant concentration and the concentration of monomers. Comparison with experimental data is carried out by the example of conventional surfactants, namely, sodium dodecyl sulfate and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide.  相似文献   
96.
The contact between three insulators results in a set up of contact potentials related to the adsorbed dipole moment at each surface. The produced electric field applies force (disjoining pressure) on each interface. This disjoining pressure is a long-ranged force (1/distance2) which is proportional to the difference between the dielectric permittivities of the phases on the two sides of the interface and, for small angles, to the square of the contact angle. The contact potential leads to a logarithmic perturbation of the profile of the three-phase contact zone.  相似文献   
97.
The dusty-gas model has been generalized to the case of gas mixture flow in nanoporous media under the conditions of the action of surface forces. A basic set of transport equations has been derived proceeding from kinetic equations for a gas mixture and dust particles. To take into account the surface forces, the interaction between a gas and dust particles has been represented as a sum of a long-range potential, which reflects the surface forces, and a short-range potential, which describes gas molecule scattering on the surface of pore walls. The contribution of the long-range component has been taken into account in the self-consistent approximation, while the short-range component has been considered in the standard manner. The surface forces have been shown to have a substantial effect on the transfer of mixed gases through porous bodies; in particular, it becomes possible to separate mixture components due to different potentials of the interaction of their molecules with pore surface.  相似文献   
98.
The finite element method has been employed to calculate the thermophoresis velocity of solid aerosol particles, the sizes of which are much larger than the mean free path of molecules in a gas. The thermophoretic velocities of axially symmetric particles moving along their rotation axes have been numerically calculated. Cylindrical particles, particles having a shape resulting from rhomb rotation around one of its diagonals, and spheroidal particles have been considered. The data obtained for spheroidal particles have been compared with the available results of analytical calculations.  相似文献   
99.
The application of surfactants in the chemical etching of track membranes enables one to control their pore shape. To find out the mechanism of the surfactant action on the track etching in the nanometer range of pore sizes, the adsorption of a nonionic surfactant (polyoxyethyelene-4-nonylphenyl ether) on porous and nonporous poly(ethylene terephthalate) films has been studied. The experimental results have been analyzed in comparison with the data previously obtained on the adsorption of an anionic surfactant on similar films. It has been concluded that the behaviors of anionic and nonionic surfactants in negatively charged pores about 100 nm in radius are strongly different due to the electrostatic exclusion of co-ions from the pores, which is of significance only for compounds dissociating into ions.  相似文献   
100.
A review of state-of-the-art methods of sample preparation and chemical analysis for the control of contaminants in foodstuffs and food raw materials is presented. The main achievements and performance characteristics of methods for the determination of pesticides and veterinary drugs, their metabolites, natural toxins, trace amounts of chemical elements, first of all toxic, allergens, food additives, and contaminants from packaging materials in foodstuffs and for the identification of falsifications by methods of chemical analysis are considered.  相似文献   
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