Gravitational baryogenesis

We show that a gravitational interaction between the derivative of the Ricci scalar curvature and the baryon-number current dynamically breaks CPT in an expanding Universe and, combined with baryon-number-violating interactions, can drive the Universe towards an equilibrium baryon asymmetry that is observationally acceptable.     

Thermal Analysis of Flow in a Porous Medium Over a Permeable Stretching Wall

This work presents a similarity solution for boundary layer flow through a porous medium over a stretching porous wall. Two considered wall boundary conditions are power-law distribution of either wall temperature or heat flux which are general enough to cover the isothermal and isoflux cases. In addition to momentum, both first and second laws of thermodynamics analyses of the problem are investigated. Independent numerical simulations are also performed for verification of the proposed analytical solution. The results, from the two independent approaches, are found to be in complete agreement. A comprehensive parametric study is presented and it is shown that heat transfer and entropy generation rates increase with Reynolds number, Prandtl number, and suction to the surface.     

Natural draft dry cooling tower modelling

Predictions based on a numerical simulation of a natural draft dry cooling tower (NDDCT) has been compared with those obtained theoretically and experimentally. Experiments are conducted in a lab-scale NDDCT and are validated with a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the flow in and around the heat exchangers, which is modelled as a porous medium. Both vertical and horizontal arrangements of the heat exchangers are examined. The experimental, numerical and theoretical approaches lead to very close prediction for the air velocity and temperature at the exit of the cooling tower. Results of this study are expected to be useful for future work on the development of air-cooled condensers for geothermal power plants in Australia.     

Stability of carbon-centered radicals: effect of functional groups on the energetics of addition of molecular oxygen

In this paper we examine a series of hydrocarbons with structural features which cause a weakening of the C-H bond. We use theoretical calculations to explore whether the carbon-centered radicals R(*) which are created after breaking the bond can be stabilized enough so that they resist the addition of molecular oxygen, i.e. where the reaction R(*) + O(2) --> ROO(*) becomes energetically unfavorable. Calculations using a B3LYP-based method provide accurate bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) for R-H and R-OO(*) bonds, as well as Gibbs free energy changes for the addition reaction. The data show strong correlations between R-OO(*) and R-H BDEs for a wide variety of structures. They also show an equally strong correlation between the R-OO(*) BDE and the unpaired spin density at the site of addition. Using these data we examine the major functional group categories proposed in several experimental studies, and assess their relative importance. Finally, we combine effects to try to optimize resistance to the addition of molecular oxygen, an important factor in designing carbon-based antioxidants.     

Interaction force diagrams: new insight into ligand-receptor binding

A method is described to calculate and visualize the interaction forces of ligand-receptor complexes. Starting from an X-ray crystallographic structure, a “thawing” procedure results in a force-field energy-minimized geometry which is close to the crystallographic starting point. By subtracting non-bonded interactions of the ligand with each amino acid residue and using the resulting force vectors to describe the slope of the remaining potential, two types of interaction force diagrams are created; the first shows the direction of the force vectors in 3D and the second shows the magnitude of the force vectors. The latter representation leads to definition of an ‘Interaction Force Fingerprint’ (IFFP) which is characteristic of the ligand-receptor binding. IFFPs are used to discuss ligand binding in the human estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ, and provide new insight into ligand selectivity between receptor isoforms. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

等通量壁多孔饱和圆管中粘性耗散对热发展强迫对流的影响

基于Brinkman流动模型，研究了等通量壁多孔饱和圆管中粘性耗散对强迫对流的影响，在热发展区域，进行了数值研究；在充分发展区域，进行了摄动分析并求得温度分布的表达式和Nusselt数。在发展区域，利用数值解得到的充分发展Nusselt数与渐近分析结果进行了比较，吻合很好。     

Muon anomaly and dark parity violation

The muon anomalous magnetic moment exhibits a 3.6σ discrepancy between experiment and theory. One explanation requires the existence of a light vector boson, Z_{d} (the dark Z), with mass 10-500?MeV that couples weakly to the electromagnetic current through kinetic mixing. Support for such a solution also comes from astrophysics conjectures regarding the utility of a U(1)_{d} gauge symmetry in the dark matter sector. In that scenario, we show that mass mixing between the Z_{d} and ordinary Z boson introduces a new source of "dark" parity violation, which is potentially observable in atomic and polarized electron scattering experiments. Restrictive bounds on the mixing (m_{Z_{d}}/m_{Z})δ are found from existing atomic parity violation results, δ^{2}<2×10^{-5}. Combined with future planned and proposed polarized electron scattering experiments, a sensitivity of δ^{2}～10^{-6} is expected to be reached, thereby complementing direct searches for the Z_{d} boson.     

Turbulent heat transfer and nanofluid flow in an annular cylinder with sudden reduction

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - In this study, catalyst formation [Pb(H2O)6][ATZ]·H2O (ATZ?=?azo tetrazolium anion) was successfully synthesized originally;...     

On the calculation of extended max and min operations between convex fuzzy sets of the real line

In this paper we will identify the sets of so-called sub- and pseudo-highest intersection points of convex fuzzy sets of the real line and will explore their properties. Based on the properties of these sets, an algorithm for calculating extended max and min operations between two or more convex fuzzy sets of the real line with general membership functions, not necessarily continuous, is proposed.