全文获取类型
收费全文 | 81123篇 |
免费 | 798篇 |
国内免费 | 647篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 26302篇 |
晶体学 | 802篇 |
力学 | 6858篇 |
综合类 | 22篇 |
数学 | 32395篇 |
物理学 | 16189篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 67篇 |
2022年 | 87篇 |
2021年 | 99篇 |
2020年 | 101篇 |
2019年 | 94篇 |
2018年 | 10486篇 |
2017年 | 10309篇 |
2016年 | 6178篇 |
2015年 | 950篇 |
2014年 | 450篇 |
2013年 | 550篇 |
2012年 | 4072篇 |
2011年 | 10754篇 |
2010年 | 5830篇 |
2009年 | 6205篇 |
2008年 | 6809篇 |
2007年 | 8909篇 |
2006年 | 381篇 |
2005年 | 1451篇 |
2004年 | 1651篇 |
2003年 | 2101篇 |
2002年 | 1123篇 |
2001年 | 337篇 |
2000年 | 355篇 |
1999年 | 214篇 |
1998年 | 236篇 |
1997年 | 201篇 |
1996年 | 257篇 |
1995年 | 162篇 |
1994年 | 120篇 |
1993年 | 129篇 |
1992年 | 79篇 |
1991年 | 82篇 |
1990年 | 77篇 |
1989年 | 75篇 |
1988年 | 74篇 |
1987年 | 71篇 |
1986年 | 71篇 |
1985年 | 64篇 |
1984年 | 64篇 |
1983年 | 49篇 |
1982年 | 54篇 |
1981年 | 46篇 |
1980年 | 60篇 |
1979年 | 58篇 |
1978年 | 41篇 |
1914年 | 45篇 |
1912年 | 40篇 |
1909年 | 41篇 |
1908年 | 40篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
281.
A scheme for vehicle density and velocity estimation in a stretch of highway based on a modified cell transmission model [C.
F. Daganzo, Transportation Research, Part B, 28B(4),269–287, 1994. Elsevier is presented. The scheme is intended for use with on-ramp metering control algorithms, providing
local knowledge of densities and velocities that is helpful to improve on-ramp metering control performance. Estimation of
density is obtained by nonlinear estimators, while velocity estimation is obtained by gradient algorithms. There is one density–velocity
estimator for free traffic flow and other for congested traffic flow. Both estimator schemes work in parallel. The final estimation
of density and velocity results from a convex combination of the predictions of the two estimators. This combination depends
on occupancy or density measurements at the boundaries of the stretch and is produced by a fuzzy inference system. Stability
and convergence of the density and velocity estimation scheme is proved by Lyapunov based techniques. Simulation results comparing
measured and estimated traffic data are presented. They confirm good performance of the estimators.
Research sponsored by grants UNAM PAPIIT IN110403 and CONACYT 47583. 相似文献
282.
283.
David Ruelle 《Communications in Mathematical Physics》2007,270(1):233-265
We analyze the dynamics of a simple but nontrivial classical Hamiltonian system of infinitely many coupled rotators. We assume
that this infinite system is driven out of thermal equilibrium either because energy is injected by an external force (Case
I), or because heat flows between two thermostats at different temperatures (Case II). We discuss several possible definitions
of the entropy production associated with a finite or infinite region, or with a partition of the system into a finite number
of pieces. We show that these definitions satisfy the expected bounds in terms of thermostat temperatures and energy flow. 相似文献
284.
Xu Cheng 《Mathematische Annalen》2003,325(2):229-248
Let M be a 2m-dimensional compact Riemannian manifold with Anosov geodesic flow. We prove that every closed bounded k form, k≥2, on the universal covering of M is d(bounded). Further, if M is homotopy equivalent to a compact K?hler manifold, then its Euler number χ(M) satisfies (−1)
m
χ(M)>0.
Received: 25 September 2001 / Published Online: 16 October 2002 相似文献
285.
286.
Anindya Datta 《Pramana》2003,60(2):363-368
We propose a novel method for the search of supersymmetry, especially for the electroweak gauginos at the large hadron collider
(LHC). Gauge boson fusion technique was shown to be useful for heavy and intermediate mass Higgs bosons. In this article,
we have shown that this method can also be applied to find the signals of EW gauginos in supersymmetric theories where the
canonical search strategies for these particles fail. 相似文献
287.
Laura Montanaro K. Belgacem P. Llewellyn F. Rouquerol F. Merlo Paola Palmero 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2007,88(3):789-793
Wet chemical synthesis of precursor oxide ceramics is a method to obtain small particulate powders. Such powders are far more
prone to ageing in air than more traditional precursors. Thermogravimetric analysis is used to highlight the species responsible
for the ageing of ceramic precursors. Indeed water and carbon dioxide are observed to evolve from aged powders. Ceramics obtained
from aged precursors can reach a very low final density with respect to the theoretical value. A large degree of the original
sintering properties can be recovered after washing the aged powders with ethanol in a basic medium. 相似文献
288.
If M is an isoparametric hypersurface in a sphere S
n
with four distinct principal curvatures, then the principal curvatures κ1, . . . , κ4 can be ordered so that their multiplicities satisfy m
1 = m
2 and m
3 = m
4, and the cross-ratio r of the principal curvatures (the Lie curvature) equals −1. In this paper, we prove that if M is an irreducible connected proper Dupin hypersurface in R
n
(or S
n
) with four distinct principal curvatures with multiplicities m
1 = m
2 ≥ 1 and m
3 = m
4 = 1, and constant Lie curvature r = −1, then M is equivalent by Lie sphere transformation to an isoparametric hypersurface in a sphere. This result remains true if the
assumption of irreducibility is replaced by compactness and r is merely assumed to be constant.
相似文献
289.
This paper establishes a general ABC inventory classification system as the foundation for a normative model of the maintenance cost structure and stock turnover characteristics of a large, multi-item inventory system with constant demand. For any specified number of inventory classes, the model allows expression of the overall system combined ordering and holding cost in terms of (i) the re-ordering frequencies for the items in each inventory class and (ii) the inventory class structure, that is, the proportion of the total system's items that are in each inventory class. The model yields a minimum total maintenance cost function, which reflects the effect of class structure on inventory maintenance costs and turnover. If the Pareto curve (a.k.a. Distribution-by-value function) for the inventory system can be expressed (or approximated) analytically, the model can also be used to determine an optimal class structure, as well as an appropriate number of inventory classes. A special case of the model produces a simply structured, class-based ordering policy for minimizing total inventory maintenance costs. Using real data, the cost characteristics of this policy are compared to those of a heuristic, commonly used by managers of multi-item inventory systems. This cost comparison, expressed graphically, underscores the need for normative modelling approaches to the problem of inventory cost management in large, multi-item systems. 相似文献
290.
Arman Melkumyan 《Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik (ZAMP)》2007,58(2):330-349
The problem of electric and acoustic waves diffraction by a half-plane crack in a transversal isotropic piezoelectric medium
is investigated. The crack is assumed to be electric permeable and free of tractions. The so-called “quasi-hyperbolic approximation”
[15] is adopted. Applying Laplace transformations and Wiener–Hopf technique a closed form solution is obtained. By the means
of Cagniard–de Hoop method a detailed dynamic full electroacoustic wavefield’s investigation is conducted. Mode conversion
between electric and acoustic waves, effect of electroacoustic head wave, Bleustein–Gulyaev surface wave and the wavefield
structure depending on the type of the incident wave (acoustic or electric) and its angle of incidence are analyzed in details.
The dynamic field intensity factors at the crack tip depending on the angle of incidence and on time are derived explicitly.
Numerical analysis is presented. 相似文献