Validation of a Reference Gene (BdFIM) for Quantifying Transgene Copy Numbers in Brachypodium distachyon by Real-Time PCR

Brachypodium distachyon has been proposed as a new model system for gramineous plants with a sequenced genome and an efficient transformation system. Many transgenic B. distachyon plants have been generated in recent years. To develop a reliable fast method for detecting transgenic B. distachyon and quantifying its transgene copy numbers, a species-specific reference gene is of great priority to be validated both in qualitative PCR and quantitative real-time PCR detection. In this study, we first proved that the BdFIM (B. distachyon fimbrin-like protein) gene is a suitable reference gene in qualitative PCR and quantitative real-time PCR for B. distachyon. Fourteen different B. distachyon varieties were tested by both qualitative and quantitative PCRs, and identical amplification products of BdFIM were obtained with all of them, while no amplification products were observed with samples from 14 other plant species, suggesting that BdFIM gene was specific to B. distachyon. The results of Southern blot analysis revealed that the BdFIM gene was low copy number in seven tested B. distachyon varieties. In conclusion, the BdFIM gene can be used as a reference gene, since it had species specificity, low heterogeneity, and low copy number among the tested B. distachyon varieties. Furthermore, the copy number of inserted sequences from transgenic B. distachyon obtained by real-time PCR methods and Southern blot confirmed that the BdFIM gene was an applicable reference gene in B. distachyon.     

Ethylene polymerization with novel phenoxy-imine catalysts bearing 4-vinylphenyl group

This contribution reports ethylene polymerization behavior of titanium complexes incorporating bis(phenoxyimine) ligands. Six phenoxy-imine Ti(IV) complexes {6-R1-2-[CH=N(2,6-difluoro-3,5-diR2-4-R3Ph)]C6H3O}2TiCl2(1: R1 = H, R2 = H, R3 = H; 2: R1 = H, R2 = H, R3 = 4-vinylphenyl; 3: R1 = CH3, R2 = H, R3 = H; 4: R1 = CH3, R2 = H, R3 = 4-vinylphenyl; 5: R1 = CH3, R2 = F, R3 = H; 6: R1 = CH3, R2 = F, R3 = 4-vinylphenyl) have been synthesized and evaluated for ethylene polymerization using dried MAO(simplified as DMAO) as cocatalyst. An obvious catalytic heterogeneity of Cat 2(Complex 2/DMAO) towards ethylene polymerization was observed, which was illustrated by decreased activity, multimodal molecular weight distribution and partially improved particle morphology comparing with Cat 1. Moreover, Cat 3 exhibits "living" characteristics in the process under certain conditions(25 °C, less than 20 min). Otherwise, the moderate to high ethylene polymerization activity of ca. 105-106 g PE/(mol Ti·h) and high molecular weight(Mw = 105-106) of polyethylene can be obtained by changing the skeleton structure of these complexes.     

Gene Cloning,Expression, and Characterization of an Exo-inulinase from Paenibacillus polymyxa ZJ-9

An inulinase-producing strain, Paenibacillus polymyxa ZJ-9, was isolated from natural sources to produce R,R-2,3-butanediol via one-step fermentation of raw inulin extracted from Jerusalem artichoke tubers. The inulinase gene from P. polymyxa ZJ-9 was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and the purified recombinant inulinase was estimated to be approximately 56 kDa by both sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) and gel filtration chromatography. This result suggests that the active form of the inulinase is probably a monomer. Terminal hydrolysis fructose units from the inulin indicate that enzymes are exo-inulinase. The purified recombinant enzyme showed maximum activity at 25 °C and pH 6.0, which indicate its extreme suitability for industrial applications. Zn²⁺, Fe²⁺, and Mg²⁺ stimulated the activity of the purified enzyme, whereas Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Ni²⁺ inhibited enzyme activity. The K _m and V _max values for inulin hydrolysis were 1.72 mM and 21.69 μmol min^?1 mg^?1 protein, respectively. The same parameters toward sucrose were 41.09 mM and 78.7 μmol min^?1 mg^?1 protein, respectively. Considering its substrate specificity and other enzymatic characteristics, we believe that this inulinase gene from P. polymyxa ZJ-9 could be transformed into other special bacterial strains to allow inulin conversion to other biochemicals and bioenergy through one-step fermentation.     

The oxygen sensitive properties of (LaBa)Co2O5+δ thin films fabricated by polymer-assisted deposition technique

(LaBa)Co₂O_5+δ (LBCO) thin films were successfully fabricated on Si (001) substrates by polymer-assisted deposition method. Microstructures were examined by X-ray diffraction technique, which confirmed the films were a single phase, pseudo cubic structure. The electrical transport properties of the films were investigated by the temperature dependence of films resistance, which suggested that LBCO films have typical semiconductor properties. After circle tests, the oxygen–hydrogen response rate did not show obvious variation in the specific temperature environment of 580 °C. This demonstrates that the LBCO thin films have a superior stability in both oxygen and hydrogen (6 % H₂, 94 % N₂) environment. Simultaneously, the drastic changes of films resistance (from ~10⁶ to ~10² Ω) with the switch of redox (O₂–H₂) environment within such a short time (~2.2 s) indicated that LBCO films have an excellent oxygen sensitive property and extraordinary fast surface exchange rate.     

同系物季铵盐离子液体阳离子的离子交换色谱法分析

建立了离子交换色谱-直接电导检测法分离测定3种同系物季铵盐离子液体阳离子(四甲基铵、四乙基铵和四丙基铵阳离子)的方法。采用磺酸型阳离子交换色谱柱,以乙二胺-柠檬酸-乙腈为淋洗液,考察了淋洗液种类、浓度及色谱柱温度对3种阳离子保留的影响。并根据测定对象不同,调整乙二胺浓度及乙腈含量以改善分离效果。淋洗液中增加乙腈含量,可明显缩短四丙基铵阳离子的保留时间,并改善其色谱峰形。季铵阳离子同系物的保留符合碳数规律。优化的色谱条件为:流速1.0 mL/min,色谱柱温度40℃;以0.02 mmol/L乙二胺-0.12 mmol/L柠檬酸(pH 4.0)为淋洗液分离测定四甲基铵;以0.2 mmol/L乙二胺-0.4 mmol/L柠檬酸-1%乙腈(pH 4.0)为淋洗液分离测定四乙基铵和四丙基铵。所测阳离子的检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.015,0.22,1.88 mg/L,相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于2.3%。将方法应用于表面活性剂和实验室合成的离子液体的分析,加标回收率为99%~104%。本方法简单、准确、可靠,具有良好的实用性。     

Pollution characteristics of ambient PM2.5-bound PAHs and NPAHs in a typical winter time period in Taiyuan

The pollution characteristics of ambient fine particulate matter（PM2.5） containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） and nitrated PAHs（NPAHs） in samples collected during a typical winter time period in Taiyuan of China were investigated.The obtained results revealed that the mean mass concentrations of PM2.5,SPAHs（sum of 16 PAHs） and SNPAHs（sum of 3 NPAHs） on PM2.5were161.4 mg/m3,119.8 ng/m3and 0.446 ng/m3,respectively.Diagnostic ratios of PAHs and NPAHs implied that coal consumption might be the main source of the PM2.5pollution.The measured PM2.5mass concentrations,BaP equivalent toxicity（28.632 ng/m3） and individual carcinogenicity index（3.14 10 5） were much higher than those of the recommended safety standards.     

Enhanced CO2 adsorptivity of SWCNT by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon intercalation

We tuned the electronic properties of single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) with intercalation of naphthalene derivatives (NDs) having different electron donor or acceptor property in the SWCNT bundles. Characterization of the adsorbed SWCNT with Raman spectroscopy and electrical conductivity measurement clearly indicate the charge transfer interaction of ND molecules with SWCNT. Also X-ray diffraction supports the intercalation of ND molecules in the interstitial spaces and groove sites of SWCNT bundle. Intercalation of ND molecules enhances remarkably the CO₂ adsorptivity, which can be ascribed to the key importance of the interaction of the quadrupole moment of CO₂ with the local electrical field on the SWCNT induced by the charge transfer interaction.     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定食品中34种非法添加减肥类化合物

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱测定食品(含保健食品)中34种减肥类非法添加化合物的方法。采用Waters CORTECS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7μm),以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液-含0.1%(v/v)甲酸的乙腈溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,在电喷雾离子源、正离子或负离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)方式检测。西布曲明等29种化合物在0.5~10μg/L范围内、氯噻嗪等5种化合物在2.5~50μg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.99;西布曲明等29种化合物在5、10和20μg/kg添加水平下的平均加标回收率为49.2%~136.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.7%~15.0%(n=6),氯噻嗪等5种化合物在25、50和100μg/kg添加水平下的平均加标回收率为51.5%~130.9%,RSD为0.8%~14.0%(n=6);西布曲明等29种化合物的检出限为5μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg,氯噻嗪等5种化合物的检出限为25μg/kg,定量限为50μg/kg。本方法已应用于实际样品的测定,共检出了12种化合物,有效打击了非法添加行为。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定牛组织中三氮脒和氯化氮氨菲啶残留

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱同时检测牛组织中三氮脒(DIM)和氯化氮氨菲啶(ISM)残留的分析方法。针对不同的组织样品采用不同比例的水-乙腈溶液提取药物,结合Oasis WCX固相萃取小柱净化富集。采用Spherisorb CN柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)对药物进行分离,以乙腈和0.05 mol/L甲酸铵溶液(pH 2.4)为流动相,梯度洗脱,紫外检测波长为380 nm。牛组织中DIM和ISM的检出限(S/N≥3)为0.01 mg/kg,定量限(S/N≥10)为0.025 mg/kg。牛组织中DIM和ISM在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999 3)。DIM和ISM在低、中、高添加水平下的回收率为82.2%~97.6%,日内精密度和日间精密度分别为0.3%~5.2%(n=5)和1.3%~5.2%(n=15)。结果表明,建立的方法重复性好,灵敏度高,操作简便,适用于牛组织中DIM和ISM的残留检测。     

Metal sulfide: An efficient promoter for the synthesis of 2-mercaptobenzothiazoles from 2-haloanilines and carbon disulfide

A convenient method has been developed for the preparation of a variety of 2-mercaptobenzothiazoles from 2-haloanilines and CS₂ mediated by metal sulfide. In this reaction, 2-haloanilines reacted with CS₂ in the presence of Na₂S?·?9H₂O to form 2-mercaptobenzothiazoles. Na₂S?·?9H₂O functioned both as an activator of CS₂ and as a base. Furthermore, NMR analysis was used to identify the different reaction mechanisms of 2-haloanilines and CS₂ mediated by Na₂S or 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), which demonstrated that Na₂S interacted only with CS₂, while DBU reacted with both 2-iodoaniline and CS₂.