中国散裂中子源旋转线圈测量系统研制

中国散裂中子源(CSNS)加速器主要由一台直线加速器、一台快循环加速器以及低能、高能输运线组成。针对CSNS加速器部分直流磁铁研制了一套旋转线圈测量系统。对系统的研制方案、功能、精度、完成的磁铁类型以及部分测量结果进行介绍。该系统解决了CSNS批量磁铁之间的不同中心高度、质量、有效长度、磁场强度的兼容性难题。经过测试运行,积分场测量重复性误差好于±0.02%,空间谐波重复性误差好于0.005%,磁中心测量重复性误差好于±0.03 mm,顺利完成了中国散裂中子源工程150台多种类型磁铁的检测任务。     

Co-doped In2O3 thin films: Room temperature ferromagnets

Laser-ablated Co-doped In₂O₃ thin films were fabricated under various growth conditions on R-cut Al₂O₃ and MgO substrates. All Co:In₂O₃ films are well-crystallized, single phase, and room temperature ferromagnetic. Co atoms were well substituted for In atoms, and their distribution is greatly uniform over the whole thickness of the films. Films grown at 550 °C showed the largest magnetic moment of about 0.5 μ_B/Co, while films grown at higher temperatures have magnetic moments of one order smaller. The observed ferromagnetism above room temperature in Co:In₂O₃ thin films has confirmed that doping few percent of magnetic elements such as Co into In₂O₃ could result in a promising magnetic material.     

Microwave synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles used as a precursor of nanocomposites and ferrofluids

Methods to synthesize magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and to modify the surface of particles are presented in the present investigation. Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by the co-precipitation of Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺, NH₃·H₂O was used as the precipitating agent to adjust the pH value, and the aging of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles was accelerated by microwave (MW) irradiation. The obtained Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The average size of Fe₃O₄ crystallites was found to be around 8–9 nm. Thereafter, the surface of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles was modified by stearic acid. The resultant sample was characterized by FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD, lipophilic degree (LD) and sedimentation test. The FT-IR results indicated that a covalent bond was formed by chemical reaction between the hydroxyl groups on the surface of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and carboxyl groups of stearic acid, which changed the polarity of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The dispersion of Fe₃O₄ in organic solvent was greatly improved. Effects of reaction time, reaction temperature and concentration of stearic acid on particle surface modification were investigated. In addition, Fe₃O₄/polystyrene (PS) nanocomposite was synthesized by adding surface modified Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles into styrene monomer, followed by the radical polymerization. The obtained nanocomposite was tested by thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and XRD. Results revealed that the thermal stability of PS was not significantly changed after adding Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The Fe₃O₄ magnetic fluid was characterized using UV–vis spectrophotometer, Gouy magnetic balance and laser particle-size analyzer. The testing results showed that the magnetic fluid had excellent stability, and had susceptibility of 4.46×10⁻⁸ and saturated magnetization of 6.56 emu/g. In addition, the mean size d (0.99) of magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in the fluid was 36.19 nm.     

Property changes of electroplated Cu/Co alloys and multilayers by organic additives

We investigated the change of magnetic properties of the electroplated Cu/Co alloys and multilayers caused by organic additives and high temperature annealing. When plated with a pure Cu/Co electrolyte, the alloy contained ∼25% of Cu and ∼75% of Co. The alloy was made of hcp-Co, fcc-Co and Cu(1 1 1) and was super-paramagnetic at room temperature. As we add a few organic additives in the plating electrolyte, the hcp-Co of the films disappeared. The organic additives contained in the electrolytes changed paramagnetic Cu/Co multilayers to ferromagnets. High-temperature thermal annealing increased coercivity due to the growth of the Co grains.     

Stable atomic structure and magnetism of Pt–Cr binary surface alloys on Pt(0 0 1): First-principle calculations

The possibility of Pt–Cr surface alloys formation on Pt(0 0 1) was investigated and their magnetism was calculated by the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method with eight different atomic configurations. The most stable structure was calculated to be the Pt-segregated L1₂ ferromagnetic surface alloy. A₃B types (L1₂ or D0₂₂) were more stable compared to AB types (L1₀). It implies that the A₃B type surface alloys may be formed when depositing a monolayer of Cr on Pt(0 0 1). It was found from the total energy calculations that there exists a strong tendency of the Pt segregation. The segregation further stabilizes the surface alloy significantly. The work function of the most stable surface alloy was calculated to be 6.02 eV and the magnetic moment of the surface Cr was much enhanced to 3.3 μ_B. It is a quite interesting finding that the coupling between Cr and Pt atoms on the surface plane is ferromagnetic in the Pt-segregated L1₂ ferromagnetic surface alloy, while the coupling is antiferromagnetic in the bulk.     

应用ICP-MS测定城市道路尘土中铂族元素

自然条件下,铂族元素(PGEs)一直被认为是表生条件下的痕量元素。但是,随着铂族元素在机动车排放催化剂及其他方面的广泛使用,最终导致Pt,Pd,Rh会排放到环境中。目前,铂族元素在环境中存在一定程度的积累现象,机动车尾气催化转换器被认为是其污染的主要来源。为研究北京市城区内道路尘土铂族元素的污染状况,于2010年11月采集了北京市内大型居民社区内的道路尘土样品。样品先经王水热消解以及阳离子交换树脂(Dowex AG50W-X8)分离纯化后,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)分析了道路尘土样品中三种铂族元素(铂(Pt)、钯(Pd)和铑(Rh))的浓度。结果表明：北京城区内居民社区道路尘土中Pd,Pt和Rh的含量范围分别为：14.20～161.80,9.39～70.80和3.18～17.05 ng·g-1,其平均浓度分别为50.76,23.82和7.54 ng·g-1,高于北京市土壤背景值, 说明北京城市居民社区内道路尘土中PGEs已经有了一定程度的富集。其中,Pd,Pt和Rh分别高于北京土壤背景值约49.8,32.6和5.1倍。为了定量评价道路尘土中PGEs的污染状况,采用地积累指数法对北京市道路尘土进行了评价。地积累指数法评价结果发现：大型居民社区内道路尘土中PGEs污染程度由强至弱的顺序依次为：Pd＞Pt＞Rh,总体而言,北京城区内大型居民社区内道路尘土存在较为明显的PGEs污染。     

松花江冰下声学试验技术研究

北极区域极具战略意义与商业价值,随着各国的广泛关注,针对北极地区开展的科考科研活动逐渐增多。其中北极海域的相关研究尤为重要,特别是北极水声学,是保障北极军事存在以及正常科考科研活动的重要支撑。课题组于2015年1月在哈尔滨松花江进行了冰下声学试验,主要内容包括冰下信道测试、冰层散射系数测量以及冰下水声通信试验,实现了冰下半波导现象的初步观测、冰层前向散射系数的测量、基于能量检测器的低信噪比扩频通信、基于时反镜判决反馈均衡技术的高速水声通信以及冰下12用户多址水声通信等内容。本文对本次冰下声学试验情况进行介绍,并给出了相应的试验结果及经验总结。     

Mechanical and Flame Retardant Properties and Microstructure of Expandable Graphite/Silicone Rubber Composites

Flame-retardant expandable graphite (EG)/silicone rubber (SR) composites were prepared using nano-CaCO₃ particles as reinforcement filler. In addition to mechanical measurements, limited oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 and cone calorimeter tests (CCT), the thermal properties were tested by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the content and particle size of the EG both had large effects on the flammability and mechanical properties of the EG/SR blends. The composites that contained 25 phr EG (50–80 mu) had excellent LOI values, 47–48, and achieved the UL-94 V-0 level while the pure SR sample had the LOI value of 25 and achieved the UL-94 V-2 level. The data obtained from the CCT indicated that the addition of EG decreased remarkably the heat release rate, smoke emission, and mass loss rate of the composites. SEM microphotographs of the EG/SR composites before and after combustion demonstrated that EG underwent a large volume expansion, and the multiporous char structure blocked heat transfer and protected the substrate from fire.