Interaction of chloroform with aniline, o-toluidine and N,N-dimethyl aniline

Heats of mixing aniline, o-toluidine, and N,N-dimethyl aniline with chloroform have been determined by an adiabatic calorimeter. The results have been examined for molecular interactions between them, and they indicate that aniline and o-toluidine are associated through hydrogen bonds. Enthalpy of bond formation in a 1:1 complex has also been determined.     

Nonpeptidic foldamers from amino acids: synthesis and characterization of 1,3-substituted triazole oligomers

Nonpeptidic foldamers capable of displaying protein-like functionality were prepared by swapping amide bonds with 1,2,3-triazole rings. The overall conformation of these triazole oligomers is largely dictated by dipole-dipole interactions between adjacent rings. Solution NMR studies suggest that a zigzag conformation, which closely mimics the beta-strand structure, predominates in two different tetramers.     

HPTLC method for determination of nevirapine in pharmaceutical dosage form

A sensitive, selective, precise and stability-indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method of analysis of nevirapine both as a bulk drug and in formulations was developed and validated. The solvent system consisted of toluene-carbon tetrachloride-methanol-acetone-ammonia (3.5:3.5:2.0:1.0:0.05, v/v/v/v/v). Densitometric analysis of nevirapine was carried out in the absorbance mode at 289nm. This system was found to give compact spots for nevirapine (R(f) value of 0.44+/-0.02). Nevirapine was subjected to acid and alkali hydrolysis, oxidation, dry heat and wet heat treatment and photodegradation. The drug undergoes degradation under acidic, basic conditions and oxidation. Also the degraded products were well resolved from the pure drug with significantly different R(f) values. Linearity was found to be in the range of 30-1000ng/spot with significantly high value of correlation coefficient. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship with r(2)=0.998+/-0.002 in the working concentration range of 300ng/spot to 1000ng/spot. The mean value of slope and intercept were 0.073+/-0.005 and 36.78+/-1.50, respectively. The method was validated for precision, robustness and recovery. The limit of detection and quantitation were 5 and 10ng/spot, respectively. As the method could effectively separate the drug from its degradation products, it can be employed as a stability indicating one. Moreover, the proposed HPTLC method was utilized to investigate the kinetics of acid degradation process. Arrhenius plot was constructed and activation energy was calculated.     

Carbazole substituted N-acylated linear polyethylenimines (PEI). synthesis and characterization of poly[N-(9-carbazolyl)acetylethylenimine] and poly[N-(2-(9-carbazolyl))propanoylethylenimine]

The synthesis of carbazola substituted N-acylated polyethylenimines, namely, poly[N-(9-carbazolyl)acetylethylenimine] 20 and poly[N-(2-(9-carbazolyl))propanoylethylenimine] 21 by a grafting reaction onto PEI and isomerization polymerization of the carbazole substituted 2-oxazolines is reported. A complete acylation of amino groups in PEI by the 9-carbazolylacetyl groups was achieved by the p-nitrophenyl active ester method but PEI was only partially N-acylated by the 2-(9-carbazolyl)propanoyl groups under similar reaction conditions. The carbazole substituted 2-oxazolines, namely, 2-(9-carbazolyl)methyl-2-oxazoline 18 and (R,S)-2-[1-(9-carbazolyl)]ethyl-2-oxazoline 19 , were prepared by a base induced cyclization of ß-chloroamides. The ring-opening isomerization polymerization of 18 and 19 in the molten state with a cationic initiator (dimethyl sulfate, methyl triflate, or ethylene glycol ditosylate) gave 20 and 21. Gel permeation chromatography of 20 and 21 obtained with different monomerto-initiator ratios gave evidence of a chain transfer reaction with the monomer. The polymers were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy.     

Thermal and biological studies of Schiff bases of chitosan derived from heteroaryl aldehydes

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The synthesis of Schiff bases of chitosan is performed by the reaction of chitosan with different heteroaryl aldehydes, i.e., furfuraldehyde,...     

A novel derivative free algorithm with seventh order convergence for solving systems of nonlinear equations

We present a seventh order iterative method for solving systems of nonlinear equations. The algorithm is derivative free per full iteration. A comparison between the computational efficiencies of proposed technique and existing techniques of similar nature is made. It is shown that for large system the new method is more efficient. The performance is tested through numerical experimentation which also confirms the theoretical results.     

Approximate controllability of retarded semilinear stochastic system with non local conditions

This paper deals with the approximate controllability of retarded semilinear stochastic system with nonlocal conditions in Hilbert Spaces under the assumption that the corresponding linear system is approximately controllable. The control function for this system is suitably constructed by using the infinite dimensional controllability operator. With this control function, the sufficient conditions for the approximate controllability of the proposed problem in Hilbert Space are established. The results are obtained by using Banach fixed point theorem. Finally, two examples are provided to illustrate the application of the obtained results.     

Regioselective Photocyclization Reactions of 3‐Allyloxy‐6‐chloro‐2‐(thiophen‐3‐yl)‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one: Solvent Effect

The photo‐irradiation of thienylchromenone resulted in the regioselective cyclization which is exclusively controlled by the nature of solvent used as reaction medium. Compared to nonpolar medium, polar solvent furnished a diverse array of novel angular tetracyclic photoproducts with gem‐dihydro functionality and exocyclic double bonds on the fused pyran ring, which is unprecedented to best of our knowledge.