Inhibitive effect of potassium methylsiliconate on hydration swelling of montmorillonite

Herein we report on a study on the inhibition effect of potassium methylsiliconate on hydration swelling of montmorillonite. The results of linear swelling tests showed that potassium methylsiliconate exhibits a high performance as an effective shale inhibitor in drilling fluids. The inhibition mechanism was investigated by means of a variety of methods including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and zeta potential measurements. The high degree of inhibition is a result of the synergy of action of potassium cations and methylsiliconate anions. Methylsiliconate anions form a hydrophobic shell around each montmorillonite particle through the adsorption on the edge sites, thus inhibiting the penetration of water into the interlayer. The potassium ions promote the formation of a less hydratable structure of montmorillonite through cation-exchange interaction.     

Synthesis of Poly(ϵ-caprolactone) Grafted Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Functionalized Hydroxyapatite by RAFT and ROP

Poly(?-caprolactone) grafted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) functionalized hydroxyapatite (HAP@PHEMA-g-PCL) nanocomposites were synthesized by the combination of reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and ring-opening polymerization (ROP). The RAFT agent was anchored on the surface of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (HAPs) through the silane condensation process of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane followed by reaction with potassium xanthogenate. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) was covalently functionalized on the surface of HAPs by RAFT polymerization. Then, poly(?-caprolactone) (PCL) was grafted on HAPs by ROP based on the hydroxyl groups of PHEMA to afford HAP@PHEMA-g-PCL. The structure and composition of HAP@PHEMA-g-PCL nanocomposites were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, and TGA analyses. The morphology and formation of the polymer encapsulating HAPs were demonstrated from SEM and TEM images, while the ¹H MNR analysis of the cleaved PHEMA-g-PCL confirmed the grafting.     

A Single‐Atom Manipulation Approach for Synthesis of Atomically Mixed Nanoalloys as Efficient Catalysts

Synthesis of well‐defined atomically mixed alloy nanoparticles on desired substrates is an ultimate goal for their practical application. Herein we report a general approach for preparing atomically mixed AuPt, AuPd, PtPd, AuPtPd NAs(nanoalloys) through single‐atom level manipulation. By utilizing the ubiquitous tendency of aggregation of single atoms into nanoparticles at elevated temperatures, we have synthesized nanoalloys on a solid solvent with CeO₂ as a carrier and transition‐metal single atoms as an intermediate state. The supported nanoalloys/CeO₂ with ultra‐low noble metal content (containing 0.2 wt % Au and 0.2 wt % Pt) exhibit enhanced catalytic performance towards complete CO oxidation at room temperature and remarkable thermostability. This work provides a general strategy for facile and rapid synthesis of well‐defined atomically mixed nanoalloys that can be applied for a range of emerging techniques.     

Chaotic resonance in Izhikevich neural network motifs under electromagnetic induction

Nonlinear Dynamics - Chaotic resonance (CR) is the response of a nonlinear system to weak signals enhanced by internal or external chaotic activity (such as the signal derived from Lorenz system)....     

Photoinitiated cationic polymerisation of multifunctional systems

Different types of tridimensional polymer networks have been synthetised by photoinitiated cationic polymerisation of vinyl ether and epoxy-functionalised oligomers and polymers. The polymerisation kinetics was followed by real-time infrared (RTIR) spectroscopy, a technique that records directly conversion versus time profiles in a timescale as short as 1 s. The addition of a diacrylate monomer was shown to accelerate the ring-opening polymerisation of epoxidized polyisoprene, with formation of interpenetrating polymer networks having well contrasted properties. A dual polymer network has been generated by photocrosslinking of a polyisoprene functionalised with both epoxy and acrylate groups.     

Dynamics of a Predator-Prey Model with Allee Effect and Herd Behavior

This paper deals with dynamics of a predator-prey model with Allee effect and herd behavior. We first study the stability of non-negative constant solutions for such system. We also establish the existence of Hopf bifurcation solutions for such predator-prey model. The stability and bifurcation direction of Hopf bifurcation solution in the case of spatial homogeneity are further discussed. At the same time, several examples are given by MATLAB. Finally, the numerical simulations of the system are carried out through MATLAB, which intuitively verifies and supplements the theoretical analysis results.     

聚吡咯/氧化钒@硫正极材料制备及其在锂硫电池中的应用

采用聚吡咯/中空氧化钒@硫(PPy/H-V2O5@S)作为锂硫电池正极,其中间层极性V2O5中空球壳为硫的体积膨胀提供足够的空间并通过化学键固定多硫化物,外层聚吡咯对多硫化物的扩散起双重固定作用,并作为导电骨架提高正极导电性,共同提高正极对硫化物的固定作用,提高电池循环稳定性.PPy/H-V2 O5@S正极在0.5C、1C、2C、4C电流密度300次循环后,放电容量分别保持在825.6 mA·h·g-1、673.6 mA·h·g-1、625.1mA·h·g-1、583.3 mA·h·g-1,库伦效率保持在98;以上,展现出极好的循环稳定性.     

偶氮染料——苏丹红

苏丹红是人工合成的一种工业染料,由于其潜在的毒性,不能作为食品添加剂使用。本文简要介绍了苏丹红的分类及结构、苏丹红一号的合成方法、苏丹红在人体内的代谢及毒性、苏丹红的检测分析。     

Synthesis and catalytic properties of tetraorganodistannoxanes containing silicon

Three tetraorganodistannoxanes containing silicon were synthesized and their catalytic properties in esterification and acetalization were observed via the reactions of acetic acid with isoamyl alcohol and butyraldehyde with glycol. The factors affecting the reaction, such as the catalyst dosage, reaction time and solvent, etc. were discussed. The results show that the three tetraorganodistannoxanes displayed similar good catalytic activities compared to dichlorotetrabutyldistannoxane in esterification and acetalization. When the dosage of [ClBu₂SnOSn-(CH₂SiMe₃)₂Cl]₂ was 1.5% based on the mass of reactant, the yield of isoamyl acetate was 91.8% and the yield of butyraldehyde glycol acetal 94.2%. The different alkyl and bridging groups on Sn sites in the structure of tetraorganodistannoxanes showed some influence on the catalytic activities of these compounds. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2007, 24 (11): 1265–1272