全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1254篇 |
免费 | 40篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 964篇 |
晶体学 | 5篇 |
力学 | 27篇 |
数学 | 156篇 |
物理学 | 146篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 18篇 |
2022年 | 42篇 |
2021年 | 45篇 |
2020年 | 25篇 |
2019年 | 22篇 |
2018年 | 15篇 |
2017年 | 28篇 |
2016年 | 44篇 |
2015年 | 44篇 |
2014年 | 56篇 |
2013年 | 77篇 |
2012年 | 97篇 |
2011年 | 90篇 |
2010年 | 55篇 |
2009年 | 63篇 |
2008年 | 64篇 |
2007年 | 51篇 |
2006年 | 55篇 |
2005年 | 57篇 |
2004年 | 44篇 |
2003年 | 35篇 |
2002年 | 43篇 |
2001年 | 19篇 |
2000年 | 23篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1962年 | 2篇 |
1937年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1298条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
61.
62.
Fernando Cruz Moraes Sonia Tomie Tanimoto Giancarlo Richard Salazar‐Banda Sergio Antonio Spinola Machado Lucia Helena Mascaro 《Electroanalysis》2009,21(9):1091-1098
The electrochemical detection of the hazardous pollutant 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) at low potentials, in order to avoid matrix interferences, is an important research challenge. This study describes the development, electrochemical characterization and utilization of a multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) film electrode for the quantitative determination of 4‐NP in natural water. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements showed that the modified surface exhibits a decrease of ca. 13 times in the charge transfer resistance when compared with a bare glassy carbon (GC) surface. Voltammetric experiments showed the possibility to oxidize a hydroxylamine layer (produced by the electrochemical reduction of 4‐NP on the GC/MWNCT surface) in a potential region which is approximately 700 mV less positive than that needed to oxidize 4‐NP, thus minimizing the interference of matrix components. The limit of detection for 4‐NP obtained using square‐wave voltammetry (0.12 μmol L?1) was lower than the value advised by EPA. A natural water sample from a dam located in São Carlos (Brazil) was spiked with 4‐NP and analyzed by the standard addition method using the GC/MWCNT electrode, without any further purification step. The recovery procedure yielded a value of 96.5% for such sample, thus confirming the suitability of the developed method to determine 4‐NP in natural water samples. The electrochemical determination was compared with that obtained by HPLC with UV‐vis detection. 相似文献
63.
H. Beirão da Veiga 《Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications》2008,344(1):175-185
In the following we study a class of stationary Navier-Stokes equations with shear dependent viscosity, under the non-slip (Dirichlet) boundary condition. We consider pseudo-plastic fluids. A fluid is said pseudo-plastic, or shear thinning, if in Eq. (1.1) below one has p<2. We are interested in global (i.e., up to the boundary) regularity results, in dimension n=3, for the second order derivatives of the velocity and the first order derivatives of the pressure. We consider a cubic domain Ω and impose the non-slip boundary condition only on two opposite faces. On the other faces we assume periodicity, as a device to avoid effective boundary conditions. This choice is made so that we work in a bounded domain Ω and simultaneously with a flat boundary. 相似文献
64.
Helena Odriozola J. M. G. Tijero I. Esquivias L. Borruel A. Martín-Mínguez N. Michel M. Calligaro M. Lecomte O. Parillaud M. Ruiz M. Krakowski 《Optical and Quantum Electronics》2008,40(14-15):1123-1127
Numerical simulations have been used to produce advanced designs of high brightness gain guided tapered lasers emitting at 1,060 nm. The simulations predicted high modulation efficiency in devices with separate contacts and low front facet reflectivity. The devices fabricated following these design guidelines demonstrated high internal quantum efficiency in Broad Area lasers, output power of 3 W with good beam quality in tapered lasers with common contacts, and modulation efficiencies up to 20 W/A in tapered lasers with separate contacts, in good agreement with the simulation predictions. 相似文献
65.
Lurdes M. Ciríaco Isabel M. da Silva Pereira Manuel R. Nunes Helena M. Mendonça Fernanda M. Costa 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2001,5(7-8):495-501
The effect of the partial substitution of tantalum by iron on the structural and electrical properties of the KTaO3 perovskite-type oxide powders has been studied. The powders were prepared by the standard ceramic method, and the respective
structural characterization performed by X-ray powder diffraction. From the synthesized oxide samples, iron-coated electrodes
were fabricated and tested as the anode for the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline medium. An estimation of the electrode's
capacity has been calculated from the charging currents and the corresponding roughness factor evaluated. The electrocatalytic
activity/stability of the oxide electrodes in alkaline solutions has been analysed through the kinetic parameters.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
66.
Ana B. Pereiro Helena I.M. Veiga José M.S.S. Esperança Ana Rodríguez 《The Journal of chemical thermodynamics》2009,41(12):1419-1423
Density, speed of sound, refractive index, and dynamic viscosity of the ionic liquids (ILs) 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, BMpyr NTf2, and trihexyl(tetradecyl) phosphonium dicyanamide, P66614 dca, were studied as a function of temperature at atmospheric pressure. Thermal expansion coefficient, αp, molecular volumes, and standard entropies of these ILs were calculated from the experimental density values. The solubility of three aromatic components (benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene) in the selected ILs was carried out at T = 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure and compared with literature values for sulfolane. 相似文献
67.
Jana Madejová Martin Pentrák Helena Pálková Peter Komadel 《Vibrational Spectroscopy》2009,49(2):211-218
The benefit of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in studies of acid-treated clay minerals is demonstrated. The effects of mineral type, composition and content of non-swelling interlayers on the dissolution rate are investigated. Detailed analysis of the NIR region is performed by comparing the first overtone (2νOH) and combination (ν + δ)OH bands with the fundamental stretching (ν) and bending (ν) vibrations. Spectra of acid-treated samples show a gradual decrease in the intensities of the structural OH overtone (near 7100 cm?1) and combination (4600–4300 cm?1) bands reflecting a fewer number of octahedral atoms. The appearance of the 2νSiOH vibration for terminal (isolated) SiOH groups near 7315 cm?1 indicates the formation of a protonated silica phase. The band near 7130 cm?1 remaining in the spectra of acid-treated samples is assigned to 2νHOSiOH of geminal silanol groups. Thus the creation of geminal silanols, previously detected by 29Si MAS-NMR spectroscopy in acid-treated hectorite, is confirmed also by NIR spectroscopy. The assignment of the 4555 cm?1 band to the (ν + δ)SiOH combination enabled calculation of the wavenumber for the SiO–H bending vibration (~810 cm?1) that is not observable in the mid-IR region due to overlapping with the Si–O band of amorphous silica (~800 cm?1). The NIR spectra confirm that trioctahedral hectorite is much more susceptible to dissolution in HCl than dioctahedral nontronite. The dissolution rate of kaolinite present in the Badin clay as an admixture is lower than that of the main mineral nontronite. The accessibility of the interlayers for protons significantly influences the stability of clay minerals in HCl. Mixed-layered mineral illite/smectite with only 30% of swelling interlayers dissolves more slowly than smectite of similar chemical composition containing mainly swelling interlayers. 相似文献
68.
José Angel Brito Helena Teruel Stéphane Massou Montserrat Gómez 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2009,47(7):573-577
Oxomolybdenum(VI) complexes containing diverse ligands from an electronic and topological point of view have been analysed by means of 95Mo NMR in solution with the purpose of using this technique as a tool to study their coordination chemistry and reactivity. The relationship between the electronic density on the metal tuned by the electron‐donor ability of the coordinated ligands and the 95Mo chemical shift has been proved for mono‐ and bimetallic complexes showing a hexa‐ or hepta‐coordination around the metal centre. The different origins of the signal broadening (associated either to the symmetry of the metallic polyhedron or to the presence of isomers or to the ligand de‐coordination) have been also considered to rationalise the obtained data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
69.
Maria Helena Tirollo Taddei José Flávio Macacini Roberto Vicente Júlio Takehiro Marumo Luís Antônio Albiac Terremoto 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2017,311(3):1687-1696
Nowadays, the scaling factor methodology is widely used in order to estimate the activity concentration of difficult to measure nuclides in low- and intermediate-level waste from nuclear reactors. However, very few experimental studies evaluate how operational changes in the reactors affect scaling factors. The present work examines the impact of operational changes on the scaling factors that were determined for spent ion-exchange resins and spent activated charcoal permanently withdrawn as radioactive wastes from the water cleanup system of the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor. 相似文献
70.
CdTe quantum dots (QDs), capped with mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), were synthesized and the variation of their fluorescence properties (steady state and lifetime) with pH was assessed in solution and when immobilized in a sol-gel host. Three different sizes of CdTe QDs with excited state lifetimes ranging from 42 to 48 ns and with emission maximum at 540 nm (QD540), 580 nm (QD580) and 625 nm (QD625) were selected. The solution pH affects the maximum emission wavelength (shifts to higher wavelengths of 23, 24 and 27 nm for QD540, QD580 and QD625, respectively), the excited state lifetime and the fluorescence intensity in a reversible way. Linearization of the maximum emission wavelength variation with the pH allows the estimation of an apparent ionization constant (pKa) for each QD: 6.5 ± 0.1 (QD540), 6.1 ± 0.5 (QD580) and 5.4 ± 0.3 (QD625). The variation of the QDs fluorescence properties was further explored using confocal laser scanning microscopy allowing the implementation of a new calibration method for pH imaging in solution. QDs were successfully immobilized on the tip of an optical fiber by dip-coating using sol-gel procedure. The immobilized QDs showed a similar pH behaviour to the one observed in solution and an apparent lifetime of 80, 68 and 99 ns, respectively. The proposed QDs based methodology can be successfully used to monitor pH using wavelength encoded data in imaging and fiber optic sensing applications. 相似文献